essay-management
Jessie 1
chapter4.pptIndividual Differences
Chapter 4
Learning Objectives
- Define personality and describe its role in the study of organizational behavior
- Identify the Big 5 dimensions of personality and describe how they are related to key aspects of organizational behavior
- Define achievement motivation
Learning Objectives
- Describe Machiavellianism
- Differentiate among cognitive intelligence, emotional intelligence, and practical intelligence, and explain their influences on behavior in organizations
Personality
Personality
- Definition
- Interactionist perspective
Personality
- The unique and relatively stable pattern of behavior, thoughts and emotions shown by individuals
Interactionist Perspective
- Behavior is a result of both personality and situational factors
Consider this description of the crew reactions after an explosion and fire on the Deepwater Horizon on April 20, 2010
Interactionist Perspective
Interactionist Perspective
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Interactionist Perspective
Measuring Personality
- Objective tests
- Paper and pencil
- Projective tests
- Present ambiguous stimuli
Measuring Personality
- Reliability: The extent to which a test yields consistent scores on carious occasions, and the extent to which all of its items measure the same underlying construct.
- Validity: The extent to which a test actually measures what it claims to measure.
Example: Your bathroom scale
Think of your bathroom scale. If you stepped on it every morning and it showed something vastly different, it wouldn’t be considered reliable. But if it showed the same thing every morning, but it wasn’t calibrated properly, it wouldn’t be valid.
*
Measuring Personality
- Test properties
- Reliability
- Repeatable
- Validity
- Measures what it claims
- Predictive validity
Think of your bathroom scale. If you stepped on it every morning and it showed something vastly different, it wouldn’t be considered reliable. But if it showed the same thing every morning, but it wasn’t calibrated properly, it wouldn’t be valid.
*
Predictive Validity
Big 5 Dimensions of Personality
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
Neuroticism
Openness to experience
Big 5 Dimensions of Personality
*
Big 5 Dimensions of Personality
Affectivity
4-*
Core Self-Evaluations
How might self-evaluations affect performance?
Work-related Personality Aspects
- Machiavellianism: Willingness to manipulate others for one’s own purposes
- Do you know a “High Mach”?
Work-related Personality Aspects
- Achievement motivation: Individual’s desire to succeed and to do better than others
Work-related Personality Aspects
- Achievement motivation
Work-related Personality Aspects
Morning vs. evening persons
Intelligence
Intelligence Types
- Cognitive
- Practical
- Emotional
Cognitive Intelligence
Emotional Intelligence
Test your Emotional Intelligence
Fear
Pride
Happiness
Anger
Contempt
Embarrassment
- fear, pride, happiness
- Anger, contempt, embarrassment
*
Test your Emotional Intelligence
Flirtiness
Disgust
Flirtiness, & disgust
*
If you’d like to try on your own
Intelligence
- How do you think Cognitive Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence relate?
- Which is more important to success?
- Can you be successful if you lack one?
Intelligence
Physical Abilities
- Strength
- Flexibility
- Stamina
- Speed
Social Skills
- Social perception
- Impression management
- Persuasion and social influence
- Social adaptability
- Emotional awareness/control
Social skills are the single best predictor of job performance ratings and assessments of potential for promotion for employees in a wide range of jobs.
Social Skills
Social Skills, Conscientiousness, and Task Performance
Questions?
