Answer each questions chapter 4

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CHAPTER4-NetworkstheInternetofThingsIoTandEdgeComputing.pptx

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IT for Management: On-Demand Strategies for Performance, Growth, and Sustainability

Twelfth Edition

Turban, Pollard, Wood

Chapter 4

Networks, the Internet of Things

(IoT), and Edge Computing

Learning Objectives (1 of 4)

Network Fundamentals

Wireless Networks and Standards

Mobile Computing and the Internet of Things (IoT)

Network Quality of Service

Network Fundamentals

A computer network is a set of computers connected together for the purpose of sharing recourses.

Benefits of Computer Networks

Examples of the benefits that companies derive from a well-developed network architecture include:

Instantaneous Data and File Sharing

Simultaneous Resource Sharing

Secure Data Protection and Redundancy

Streamlined Administration

Rapid Internal Communications

Distributing Computer Power

Types of Networks

Local Area Network (LAN) (1 of 2)

A group of computers and other devices that share a communication line or wireless link to server within a limited geographic area

Local Area Network (LAN) (2 of 2)

Star network configuration is one in which each computer is directly linked to a central computer and indirectly to each other.

Ring network configuration is one in which each computer is connected to two adjoining computers to form a closed circuit.

Bus network configuration has a main channel to which nodes or secondary channels are connected in a branchlike structure.

Wide Area Network (WAN) (1 of 2)

A communication network that spans a large geographic area

Wide Area Network (WAN) (2 of 2)

Internet Service Provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using or participating with the Internet.

Virtual private network (VPN) is a service that allows safe and private network access by routing connections through a server and hiding the online actions.

Software-defined WAN (SD-WAN) is managed by one central app that efficiently distributes network traffic across a WAN over the Internet or cloud-based private networks.

Intranets, Extranets, and Virtual Private Networks

Intranets are LANs or WANS used within a company for data access, sharing, and collaboration.

Extranets are WANs that can be logged into remotely via the Internet to facilitate communication with clients and vendors.

Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) are used where security of transmissions is a concern, because they encrypt the packets before they are transferred over the network.

Virtual Private Networks

Transmission Media and Speed

Frequency is the capacity of a transmission media.

Bits per second (bps) is the speed at which data are transferred over a network.

Bandwidth of a media is the maximum amount of bps that can be transmitted over the media and it varies by media type.

Circuit Switching vs. Packet Switching

Circuit switching occurs when there is a dedicated connection between a source and destination.

Packet switching occurs when data or voice is transferred in packets.

Packets are individual pieces of a message that are collected and re-assembled with the other pieces of the same message at their destination. To improve communication performance and reliability, each larger message sent between two network devices is often subdivided into packets.

Network Components (1 of 2)

Client is the name used for a computer on a network.

Server is a central repository of data and various programs that are shared by users in a network.

Router links computers to the Internet to enable users to share a network connection.

Wireless Router is a device that works as a router to forward data between network devices and serves as both a wireless access point and a router.

Hub is a hardware device where data from many directions converge and are then sent out in many directions to multiple devices in a network.

Network Components (2 of 2)

Switch is a controller that enables networked devices to talk to each other efficiently by transmitting data packets based on IP addresses. It connects the computers, printers and servers within a building or a company to create the network.

Network Interface Card (NIC) is a circuit board or chip installed in a computer to enable it to connect to a wired or wireless network.

Network Applications

Pure network applications are developed expressly for use by two more devices that help transfer data and communicate across a network.

Standalone network applications were originally developed for use on a single device and their functionality retooled to allow them to run on networks.

Network Fundamentals: Questions

Describe the basic functions of business networks.

Name three different types of network configurations.

Why would a company choose to use a WAN rather than a LAN?

What is the difference between an intranet and an extranet?

How does a virtual private network (VPN) provide security?

How do investments in network infrastructure impact an organization?

How is an SD-WAN different from a WAN?

What are three different transmission media used in wired networks?

Learning Objectives (2 of 4)

Network Fundamentals

Wireless Networks and Standards

Mobile Computing and the Internet of Things (IoT)

Network Quality of Service

Differences Between 4G and 5G Networks

4G networks were introduced in 2010 and deliver up to 10 Mbps. The latest version of 4G is 4G LTE-A that can theoretically deliver speeds from 300 Mbps to 1 Gbps, with an average speed of 15–50 Mbps.

5G networks offer huge gains in both speed and capacity over existing 4G networks. 5G are currently being offered in limited geographical areas that will steadily expand and are up to ten times faster than 4G LTE-A—topping out at 10 Gbps.

Advantages and Disadvantages of 5G

Advantages

Speed and capacity: larger channels, higher speeds, larger packets of data, exponentially faster response time and connect many devices from a single location

Short term: Create new jobs

Longer term: Create entirely new markets and economic opportunities

Disadvantages

Expensive infrastructure

Unresolved privacy and security issues surrounding 5G

Health risks caused by its use of extremely high frequency (1 Billion cycles per second) microwaves

Growing Need for 5G

Internet of Things (IoT) is creating billions of new devices for remote sensing, telemetry, and control applications

To be efficient, these machine-to-machine connections will need the significantly faster speeds of 5G

Work is already underway on the development of 6G mobile telephone networks.

Wireless Network Standards

IEEE 802.11ax also known as “high-efficiency wireless,” 802.11ax was released in September 2019.

IEEE 802.11ac utilizes dual-band wireless technology and support simultaneous connections on both the 2.4 and 5 GHz Wi-Fi bands.

IEEE 802.11a runs on 12 channels in the 5-GHz spectrum in North America, which reduces interference issues

IEEE 802.11n improves upon prior 802.11 standards by adding multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and newer features.

IEEE 802.11g runs on three channels in the 2.4-GHz spectrum, but at the speed of 802.11a.

IEEE 802.11b shares spectrum with 2.4-GHz cordless phones, microwave ovens, and many Bluetooth products.

Wireless Connectivity (1 of 2)

Wi-Fi connects computers and smart devices to a network via a single access point like a router.

Wi-Fi hotspot is a wireless access point that provides Internet access to mobile devices like laptops and smartphones.

WiMAX stands for worldwide interoperability for microwave access and was developed to overcome the short-range limitations of Wi-Fi.

Wireless Connectivity (2 of 2)

LTE is the fastest and most consistent cellular technology.

LTE-A is a version of LTE cellular technology that more closely follows the IEEE 802.11ac wireless network standard.

Wireless local area network (WLAN): typically extends an existing wired LAN by attaching a wireless AP to a wired network.

Wireless wide area network (WWAN): has a wider range than a local area network and can cover a group of buildings.

Wireless Networks Use Different Transmission Media

Wireless transmission media can be used when installing wiring is impossible or impractical.

Example of wireless transmission media:

Radio waves

Microwaves

Infrared

Bluetooth

Communication satellites

Mashup is a general term referring to the integration of two or more technologies

Wireless Network Technologies

Internet Protocol is a rule or procedure for transmitting data between computers and other electronic devices.

IP address is a unique identifier for each device that communicates with a network that identifies and locates each device. An IP address is comparable to a telephone number or home address.

TCP/IP

TCP/IP is a four-layer suite that consists of:

Application Layer

Transport Layer

Network (Internet) Layer

Data Link (Network Interface) Layer

Application Program Interfaces and Operating Systems

Application Program Interface (API) consists of a set of functions, commands, and protocols used by programmers for OS--interactivity without having to write a program from scratch.

Can be automated for simplified usability

Twitter

Facebook

Amazon

Automated API

REST API the Representational State API is used to build Web services that are lightweight, maintainable and scalable. It provides a way to access resources in a particular environment.

List Skills API has a bidirectional interface that updates lists each time users make Shopping list or To Do requests.

Wireless Networks and Standards: Questions

Why has IPv6 become increasingly important?

What is the difference between IPv4 and Ipv6?

What is the purpose of an IP address?

What is an API and what are the benefits of using an API?

What is the difference between 4G and 5G?

Why is 5G not widely available?

What benefits does a 5G network offer businesses?

What is the difference between circuit switching and packet switching?

Learning Objectives (3 of 4)

Network Fundamentals

Wireless Networks and Standards

Mobile Computing and the Internet of Things (IoT)

Network Quality of Service

Mobile Network Drivers

Benefits of Mobile Computing

Connectivity—employees can stay connected to all sources, at all times.

Social Engagement—employees can interact with customers, vendors, suppliers, partners, and each other via the Internet to create beneficial relationships.

Personalization—mobile computing can be tailored to individual needs of all users to enhance the online experience.

Mobile Technologies: QR Code

Quick Response (QR) Code is a two-dimensional barcode usually in a square structure with information stored in a black and white geometric symbol

Advantages: negligible cost and heightened security features.

Disadvantage: it must be read individually

Mobile Technologies: RFID

Radio frequency identification (RFID) allows users to track inventory and assets by using wireless contactless radio waves

Two types of RFID tags:

Passive tags have a range of approximately 3–5 meters and can read at a rate of 10 or more times a second.

Active tags have a range of approximately 100 meters. They have an internal power source that gives them their longer range but limits their life span.

Mobile Technologies: NFC

Near-field communication (NFC) enables two devices within close proximity to establish a communication channel and transfer data through radio waves

Some effective applications include:

Mobile payments using the Apple iWatch

The self-healthcare industry

Pay for goods by waving an NFC-enabled credit card

The Internet of Things

Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects or “things” embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity, that enables these objects to collect and exchange data.

Factors Driving IoT

Development of IPv6

Introduction of 5G networks

More widely available broadband Internet

Lower cost of connecting

Overwhelming popularity of the smartphone

Development of more smart devices with Wi-Fi capabilities

Development of embedded sensors

The Growth of IoT

The popularity and use of IoT is growing. In 1990, there were 300,000 connected IoT devices, in 2019 there were 14.2 billion, and it is predicted that the number of IoT connections will grow to 25 billion in 2021.

Advantages of IoT

Monitoring performance, quality, and reliability of products and services

Gaining insight into potential new products and service

Support sales

Better understand product use

Remote troubleshooting of products

Deliver revenue-generating post-sales service

More efficiently deliver post-sales services

Disadvantages of IoT

Network security

Data privacy

Data analysis capabilities

Data collection capabilities

Realistic efficiency opportunities

Realistic new revenue opportunities

Cost

Edge Computing

Edge computing is a new networking technology that brings the data closer to where it is being used and is being enabled by the new, faster 5G networks.

Choosing Mobile Computing Solutions

Networks Support Communication, Search, Collaboration and Relationships

The other four basic business functions that networks support are communication, search, collaboration, and relationships.

Communicating over wired, wireless or mobile networks helps businesses search for information that helps them collaborate to get work done and develop business relationships.

Mobile Computing and the Internet of Things (IoT): Questions

What are the factors driving mobile computing?

Why is mobile global traffic increasing?

How is NFC different from RFID?

What are the two components of a wireless network infrastructure?

What are three types of wireless network transmission media?

What factors should be considered when evaluating mobile networks?

What types of industry sectors are using IoT?

How does a network help communication, collaboration and relationships between companies and their vendors?

What is edge computing and what networking problems does it address?

How can a Mindmap be used to structure a problem?

Learning Objectives (4 of 4)

Network Fundamentals

Wireless Networks and Standards

Mobile Computing and the Internet of Things (IoT)

Network Quality of Service

Quality of Service (QoS) is a network’s ability to achieve maximum bandwidth, optimize network performance elements like latency, error rate, uptime and downtime and control and manage network resources by setting priorities for specific types of data on the network

The principles of QoS can be applied in two ways:

Prioritize traffic

Throttle traffic

Traffic shaping delays the flow of less important network traffic, such as bulk data transfers and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) file-sharing programs, including BitTorrent traffic

The Net Neutrality

Net neutrality essentially ensures equal opportunity for Internet speeds and access to website with no unfair fast or slow lanes and no blocking of anything that’s legal on your phone, computer, or tablet.

Unless Congress passes legislation for or against Net Neutrality, things could drag on for a long time with either side appealing to the U.S. Supreme Court or asking the DC Circuit Court of Appeals for an “en banc” hearing that allows the full panel of justices to hear the case.

Quality of Service Models

The Integration Services Model (IntServ) is based on measuring how data flows through a network from source to destination and the resource needs of all routers in the network.

The integrated services model offers two classes of service—guaranteed and controlled load.

The Differentiated Services Model (DiffServ) was designed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).

By marking the class of each packet directly on the packet, DiffServ eliminates the need for a signaling protocol that tells the routers which flows require special QoS treatment.

Network Quality of Service: Questions

Why has group work becoming more challenging?

What might limit the use of face-to-face brainstorming?

How can online brainstorming tools overcome those limits?

List ways in which virtual collaboration can be used in business.

What devices do you have that take advantage of the IoT? Describe how they impact the way that you live and work.

What is driving the rise of the IoT?

What is the main concern that organizations have about the IoT?

Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages of the IoT? Explain.

Where do you stand on the issue of Net Neutrality?

How do you think the state level Net Neutrality regulations are going to impact ISPs?

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