chapter 3
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chapter3test11pw.pptxChapter 3
Psychopathology and Biogenics of Serial Murderers
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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1
©2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Learning Objectives
To explore biological and genetic foundations of violent behavior
To examine insanity and mental illness as they relate to violent behavior
To understand the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual spectrum of personality disorders as they relate to violent behavior
To debunk myths surrounding the label psychopath and evaluate psychopathy as a spectrum of development
To be able to differentiate female and male psychopathy
To know the Factors in the Hare P C L-R and be able to distinguish the tools from the deficits
To examine cases of serial murder committed by legally insane psychotic offenders
To examine cases of serial murder involving offenders with mental illness, personality disorders, and psychopathy
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Insanity and Mental Illness
As far as the criminal courts are concerned, insanity is a legal term, not a psychiatric distinction and is used to define the state of mind of an offender at the time of the offense.
Many mass murderers, unlike serial killers, have a history of mental illness.
Most mass murderers were found to have had several major life events that precipitated the murders.
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Tests for Defining Insanity
The M’Naughten Rule
The Irresistible Impulse Test
The Brawner Rule, or Substantial Capacity Test
The Durham Rule, known also as the Products Test
Read the cases of Joseph Kallinger, the Shoemaker and Edward Theodore “Ed” Gein, American Psycho
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Mental Illnesses/Disorders
Neurosis
Psychosis
Dissociative Disorders:
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Dissociative Amnesia
Dissociative Fugue
Depersonalization Disorder
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Psychosis
Psychosis is a state in which a person loses contact with reality in specific ways. An individual suffers from a severe break with reality and in some cases may exhibit dangerous behavior. According to the D S M-V (2013), psychotic disorders include one or more of the following symptoms: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, or grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior.
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Dissociative Identity Disorder (D I D)
is the development of two or more distinct personalities, sometimes referred to as subpersonalities or alternate personalities that each have their own memories, thoughts and emotions. A primary subpersonality can suddenly dominate a person’s thinking and behavior. In sudden, dramatic fashion, referred to as switching a transition can occur from one subpersonality to another. Women are diagnosed with this disorder three times often as men (Comer, 2014).
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Frustration
“Frustration is the wet nurse of violence.” Dr. David Abrahamsen in The Murdering Mind.
Frustration is not an emotion but rather a state of being that often leads to emotions such as anger, sadness or depression.
In order for frustration to occur, a person must have some hope for goal attainment.
Either tangible like having more money or intangible as in intimacy with another person.
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Case Example
Years ago a patient named Calvin executed his college roommate with a shotgun blast to his head while he slept. The roommate had told Calvin not to use his laundry detergent, that he would have to purchase his own. Prior to the killing that evening Calvin had been reading Dr. Abrahamsen’s book, The Murdering Mind, and said that he had been fantasizing about killing someone for a long time.
What prompted Calvin to kill?
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Early Criminologists
Used phrenology to determine criminal propensities:
What is phrenology?
Was it good science?
Cesare Lombroso noted that habitual criminals have weak natures, are atavistic and can be identified by physical attributes
Primarily male
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Lombroso
Lombroso believed born criminals (those biologically predisposed) were cold and cruel, showed no remorse, retained no close friends, and were prone to sell out their accomplices.
According to Cesare Lombroso’s criminal categories, the habitual criminal engages in crime because he/she has no choice.
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Jukes, Kallikaks & Mutineers (1 of 2)
Criminal Families: Is it possible to inherit criminal propensities?
Google search the mutineer descendants of Captain Bly and Mutiny on the Bounty:
Hundreds of years later almost all the males are offenders…please explain!
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Jukes, Kallikaks & Mutineers (2 of 2)
To understand serial killers we must look at them from a variety of avenues.
Indeed, childhood experiences can play a tremendous role in the development of violent behavior.
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Hans Eysenck (19 77) (1 of 2)
From a biosocial perspective, argued that criminal behavior, including homicide, stems from both interactions of environmental conditions and inherited personality traits.
Attributed criminality to persons born with nervous system characteristics that are distinct from “normal” people.
In turn, these characteristics interfere with their ability to conform to the rules, values, and laws of society.
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Hans Eysenck (19 77) (2 of 2)
Extroverts are more likely than introverts, because of the biological differences in their nervous systems, to be involved in antisocial behavior.
Most people avoid antisocial behavior because they have been trained to recognize the negative consequences
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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D S M-V Personality Disorders
Personality disorders in the D S M-V (2013) are defined as having an enduring pattern of inner experience and outward behavior that impairs their sense of self, emotional experiences, goals, capacity for empathy and/or intimacy (A P A 2013). Many psychologists today focus on the “Big Five” theory of personality whereby the core of personality structure consists of five supertraits or factors: neuroticism; extroversion; openness to experiences; agreeableness; and conscientiousness (Zuckerman, 2011).
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Personality Disorders
There is substantial symptom overlap among the different personality disorders and patterns are generally manifested in two or more of the following ways:
Cognition (perception and interpretation of self, other people, and events)
Affectivity (range, intensity, and appropriateness of emotional response)
Interpersonal functioning
Impulse control
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Types of Personality Disorders
Paranoid
Schizoid
Schizotypal
Anti-social
Borderline
Histrionic
Narcissistic
Avoidant
Dependent
Obsessive-Compulsive
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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D S M-V Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism spectrum disorders coincide with autism, the D S M-I V category of pervasive developmental disorders that includes a milder variant of autism known as Asperger’s disorder. The disorder is characterized by a tendency for isolation from others, repetitive thinking and behaviors and a pattern of actively rejecting other people’s worldviews even when others make themselves available for potential social interaction.
As of 2013 the D S M-V dropped the diagnosis of Asperger’s and opine that many of these individuals should have received a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and others assigned to social communication disorder which is a non-autistic disorder where persons experience problems in communication, social responsiveness and social relationships (Comer, 2014, pg. 540). The latter may serve well in better understanding offenders such as Ted Kaczynski.
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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The Trolley Problem: A Moral Dilemma
A runaway trolley is traveling at a high speed toward a train station. By pushing a large man off a bridge into the trolley’s path, the man will die but the five others at the train station will be spared. What do you do?
Push the man off the bridge.
Flip a switch that will divert the train and spare the five but will kill a man on the diverted track.
Do nothing in hopes people will get out of the way.
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Psychological Factors in Psychopathy
Control/power
Loving and hating are similar forms of attachment
Frustration/aggression
Fantasy
Abandonment/rejection
Intimacy: the holy grail of being human
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Criminal Psychopaths
The majority of criminal psychopaths appear to operate as non-violent offenders such as white-collar criminals.
Bernard Madoff, a white-collar investment scam artist preying upon victims for over 30 years, was responsible for victimizing many people in excess of 35 billion dollars.
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Hare’s P C L R: FACTOR 1 or “Tools” of the Psychopath
Glibness/superficial charm
Grandiose sense of self-worth/narcissism
Pathological lying
Conning, manipulative behavior
Lack of remorse or guilt
Shallow affect
Callousness/lack of empathy
Failure to accept responsibility for actions
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Hare’s P C L R: FACTOR 2 or “Deficits” of the Psychopath
Need for stimulation/proneness to boredom
Parasitic lifestyle
Poor behavioral controls
Early behavioral problems
Lack of realistic, long-term goals
Impulsivity
Irresponsibility
Juvenile delinquency
Revocation of conditional release
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Psychopaths
Psychopaths tend to act on a primitive but rational level in comparison to non-psychopaths.
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Sociopaths and Psychopaths
Sociopaths and psychopaths are distinguished by:
Skill levels
Intelligence
Experience
Psychopaths become adept at psychological game playing and ultimately become proficient at controlling their environment. This is usually not true of the sociopath.
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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General Comparison of Sociopaths to Psychopaths
SOCIOPATHS
Long history of criminal behavior
Average to below average intelligence
Anti-social
Explosive temperament
Limited in social skills
PSYCHOPATHS
Average to above average intelligence
Little or no criminal history
Anti-social
Adaptive social skills
Limited or no visible emotional responses
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Primary (Advanced) Psychopaths
Above average to highly intelligent
Social chameleons
Vagal reactors: persons who can beat the polygraph because they have no galvanic skin response. They are calm at the moment of the kill.
Anti-social
Compulsive liars
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Dutton, K. (2014) The Great British Psychopath Survey rank orders careers with the most and fewest numbers of psychopaths.
List A
C E O
Lawyer
Media (T V/Radio)
Salesperson
Surgeon
Journalist
Police Officer
Clergyperson
Chef
Civil Servant
List B
Care Aide
Nurse
Therapist
Craftsperson
Beautician/Stylist
Charity Worker
Teacher
Creative Artist
Doctor
Accountant
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Psychopathy in Children (1 of 2)
Early childhood maltreat can significantly increase the risk of mental illness and in others, varying levels of psychopathy
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Psychopathy in Children (2 of 2)
Sylvers, Brennan and Lilienfeld (2011) found that children possessing psychopathic traits may be notably deficient in their automatic, unconscious processing of certain fear cues. In short, at-risk youth may have a fundamental impairment that blocks them from recognizing social dangers.
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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The P C L-R and Female Serial Killers
Female serial murderers appear to exhibit some traits similar to those of male serial murderers in terms of psychopathology.
The women tend to be
insincere, amoral, impulsive,
prone to exercise manipulative charisma and superficial charm,
without conscience, and
with little insight because they failed to learn from their mistakes.
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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See Profile 3.6: Brendon, A Man Who Wants to Kill and his thoughts on killing.
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Related Movies
A Beautiful Mind
True story of a brilliant man who was schizophrenic.
Dirty Filthy Love
Story of a man with O C D and Tourette’s Syndrome.
Primal Fear
Story of an alter boy who murders a priest.
Black Swan
Story of a delicate ballet dancer who slips into insanity.
Notes On A Scandal
A story of female psychopathology.
American Psycho
Story of a narcissistic banking executive who gets lost in the dark side of fantasy.
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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Related Websites
Cornell University Law School Legal Information Institute: Insanity Defense: www.law.cornell.edu/wex/insanity_defense
“Without Conscience“ — Robert Hare's Web Site devoted to the study of Psychopathy: www.hare.org
The Madoff Recovery Initiative: www.madoff.com
Hickey, Serial Murderers and Their Victims, 7th Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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