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Chapter3CommunicationPrinciplesforGroupMembers.pptxCommunication Principles for Group Members
Chapter 3
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Communication: What’s That
Listening: Receiving, Interpreting, and Responding to Messages from Other Group Members
Communication Principles and Technology
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Communication: What’s That
Communication is the transactional process of simultaneously creating, interpreting, and negotiating shared meaning through interaction
Symbolic (an arbitrary stand-in)
Personal (meaning is in people)
Transactional (simultaneously creating mutual understanding)
Group members are all responsible
Involves content (what) and relational (how) dimensions
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
There are five major characteristics to this seemingly simple definition:
Communication is symbolic. A symbol is anything that arbitrarily stands for something else
Abstract and arbitrary representations
Take a variety of forms, words are most common
Communication is personal, which means that meanings are in people, not in words
CD: Does the phrase, “I love you,” or the word “commitment” mean the same thing to each relational partner that uses the phrase or word? What about the word, “deadline”?
Communication is a transactional process, not a thing or state
Communicating is multidirectional
Group members must work together toward mutual understanding
Meanings are conceived or created in context between persons
Shared meaning is the responsibility of all members.
NCA Credo states that all members must accept responsibility for short and long term consequences of their communicative actions
If you fail to mention that you don’t understand, it is not the other person’s fault, but your own.
All messages involve content and relational dimensions
1. Content dimension defined: The ideas (or “what”) of a message
2. Relational dimension defined: The “how” of a message expressing the perceived relationship between communicators
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Listening: Receiving, Interpreting, and Responding to Messages from Other Group Members
Listening is a complex process involving perceiving, interpreting, and responding to messages
Group members can take steps to become effective listeners
Identify individual preferences
Guard against bad habits
Improve behavior
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Listening: Receiving, Interpreting, and Responding to Messages from Other Group Members
Listening defined: A complex process involving perceiving, interpreting, and responding to messages
Listening requires activity
Effective listening requires:
Hear what the speaker said
Interpret it accurately
Respond appropriately
iii. Major factors that influence what words and actions mean to us include our culture, gender, age, sexual orientation, learning style, and personalities
iv. Listening also requires members to listen “between the lines” for relational information about the message
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Listening: Receiving, Interpreting, and Responding to Messages from Other Group Members
There are four main listening preferences
People-oriented listeners focus on relationships
Action-oriented listeners focus on the task
Content-oriented listeners analyze information
Time-oriented listeners focus on time management
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Listening Preferences
Identify your own preference and those of the other members
Shift your preference to meet the needs of the group
People-oriented listeners are focused on how their listening behaviors impact relationships and can attend too much to others’ moods and go off task
Action-oriented listeners pay attention to the details
Content-oriented listeners are drawn to highly credible sources and enjoy analyzing things she or he hears.
Time-oriented listeners are more focused on time and time constraints, not the relational or action components of the meeting
No preference is best, see table 3.1 on page 59 for advantages and disadvantages of each style
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Listening: Receiving, Interpreting, and Responding to Messages from Other Group Members
| Listening Type | Advantages | Disadvantages |
| People-Oriented | Focuses on relationships, concern for others, inclusive, | Can become distracted by others’ moods |
| Action-Oriented | Focus on job, on-task, organized | May sacrifice relationship for task |
| Content-Oriented | Analytical, able to see many sides | Seem overly critical and dismissive of non-expert data |
| Time-Oriented | Remains on schedule, discourages rambling discussions | May stifle creativity by expressing impatience with spontaneous discussion |
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Listening Actively
Active listening defined: Listening first to understand another’s message before critically judging the message
Active listening is to paraphrase – put into your own words what another person has stated
Active listeners confirm understanding before they state evaluations
Active listening is not always necessary, but is important when dealing with sensitive or controversial matters
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Listening: Receiving, Interpreting, and Responding to Messages from Other Group Members
There are several habits of poor listeners
Pseudolistening
Silent Arguing
Assuming meaning
Focusing on Irrelevancies
Sidetracking
Defensive Responding
We guard against these by being active listeners and paraphrasing information
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
to gets students discussing instances in which they have been guilty of poor listening. This works really well when students identify the poor listening in others, but eventually they will start to think of examples of when they have been poor listeners.
Listening Actively
Active listening defined: Listening first to understand another’s message before critically judging the message
Active listening is to paraphrase – put into your own words what another person has stated
Active listeners confirm understanding before they state evaluations
Active listening is not always necessary, but is important when dealing with sensitive or controversial matters
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Communication Principles and Technology
Computer-mediated communication (CMC) takes many forms
Chat room discussions
Electronic bulletin boards
Listservs
Net conferencing
Texting
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Communication Principles and Technology
Regardless of how the group chooses to communicate (CMC or Face-to-Face) the communication principles discussed throughout this chapter remain
Understanding how technology alters this principles is a necessary component to being an effective communicator
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Summary
Communication: What’s That
Listening: Receiving, Interpreting, and Responding to Messages from Other Group Members
Communication Principles and Technology
Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
