Order 1294302: Political Science
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Chapter311thEdition1.ppt.pptxIntroduction to Political Science POL 120
POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES
Dr. Kula Francis
1
What is Ideology?
Begins with a belief that things can be better…
Commitments to change political systems
Roskin et al, (2010) claim that political ideologies never work precisely the way the advocates claim… when ideologies are measured against actual performance, are more or less defective, and should be taken as a grain of salt.
2
Major Ideologies
Classic Liberalism
Classic Conservatism
Modern Liberalism
Modern Conservatism
Marxist Socialism
Social Democracy
Communism
Nationalism
Fascism
3
Classic Liberalism
Adam Smith – 1776 “The Wealth of Nations”
Mercantilism – nation’s treasury determines if it was a rich country…
Smith disagreed… based on goods and services the people produce.
Laissez-faire – government keeps out of the economy…
The term Liberalism comes from “liber”, to be free…
Government should not regulate:
Economy
Religion
The press
Free speech
4
Classic Conservatism
Edmund Burke – 1792 “Reflexions on the Revolution in France”
Agreed with Smith that Free market was the best economic system
Opposed revolutions
Conserve the best parts of society [Traditions, Institutions and Morality]
Change should come gradually
5
Modern Liberalism
Change from the Classic Liberalism…
Free market was not as self-regulating as Smith had thought.
Competition was imperfect…
Manufacturers rigged the market
The system produced large underclass
Class position was heredity
Richer got richer… poorer got poorer
6
Modern Liberalism (cont.)
Thomas Hill Green – rethought liberalism in the 1880’s…
Government needed to get involved sometimes… to protect citizens.
Need for labor laws, etc…
Started modern liberalism… holding on to freedom of speech and press from the classical liberalism…
7
Modern Conservatism
Milton Friedman – economist…
Blends between the economic ideas of Adam Smith and traditionalist ideas of Edmund Burke.
Known as conservatives in the United States and liberals or neo-liberalists in Europe.
8
Marxist Socialism
Karl Marx – “The Communist Manifesto”
A perfect society without private property, police, class domination, distinct classes, government, etc….
9
Social Democracy
Marxism became the biggest party in Germany until…
The idea of using Ballot instead of the Bullet
No need for revolutions by the working class
Eventually transformed themselves into center left parties with no trace of revolution…
Instead of state ownership of industry, social democrats became welfare states.
Denmark and Sweden
Taxes are extremely high
Argument – right to do whatever?
10
Communism
Original socialists…
The transformation was a Russian intellectual Vladimir Lenin.
Made several changes to Marxism to produce Marxism-Leninism
Became known as communism
11
Nationalism
Belief in the greatness of one’s country!
Arises when a population, led by intellectuals, perceive an enemy to despise and struggle against.
Believes it is terribly wrong to be ruled by others…
Depends on emotional appeal…
Feeling of belonging
12
Fascism
In Italy and Germany – Fascism grew from Nationalism…
Benito Mussolini was a socialist, who was molded by the military to love his country…
Hitler copied Mussolini’s fascism and added racism…
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