American History Discussion #11
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CHAPTER29.pdf
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Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
U.S. A NARRATIVE HISTORY, SEVENTH EDITION DAVIDSON • DELAY • HEYRMAN • LYTLE • STOFF
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“Largely excluded from the prosperity of the 1950s, African Americans and Latinos undertook a series of grassroots efforts to gain the legal and social freedoms denied them by racism and, in the South, an entrenched system of segregation.”
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The Civil Rights Movement A Movement Becomes a Crusade Lyndon Johnson and the Great Society Youth Movements
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The Changing South and African Americans • Mechanized cotton farming • Southern economy integrated • Decline in job opportunities for black southerners
The NAACP and Civil Rights • Thurgood Marshall
NAACP had chosen not to attack head-on the Supreme Court’s “separate but equal” decision in Plessy v. Ferguson
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The Brown Decision • Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)
NAACP in 1950 determined to attack “separate but equal” Overturned Plessy
• Desegregation To be carried out “with all deliberate speed”
• “Southern Manifesto” Issued by 19 U.S. senators and 81 representatives to
reestablish legalized segregation
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Latino Civil Rights • American GI Forum and League of United Latin American
Citizens (LULAC) Supported legal challenges to school segregation
• Delgado and segregated schools Delgado et al. v. Bastrop et al.
Southwest states recognized just two races: black and white • Hernández v. Texas and desegregation
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“[Chief Justice Earl] Warren’s reasoning made it
possible for Latinos to seek redress as a group rather
than as individuals.”
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A New Civil Rights Strategy • Rosa Parks
Bus boycott • Martin Luther King Jr. • Nonviolence as a strategy
Little Rock and the White Backlash • School integration
Mob greeted nine black students; National Guard called in
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• Sit-ins
Riding to Freedom • Newer civil rights organizations
SCLC; CORE; SNCC • Freedom riders attacked
Kennedy had hedged on promise of civil rights legislation
Civil Rights at High Tide • James Meredith • “Letter from Birmingham Jail” • The march on Washington
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The Fire Next Time • Tragedy in Dallas
JFK assassinated, November 22, 1963 • LBJ and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Voting Rights Act of 1965
Black Power • De facto segregation • Nation of Islam
Malcolm X Black Power
• Black Panthers
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Violence in the Streets • Riots
In Harlem; Rochester; Watts area of L.A.; Chicago; Newark; Detroit
“We won because we made them pay attention to us.”
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• Johnson’s liberal faith
The Origins of the Great Society • Discovering poverty
Michael Harrington’s The Other America (1962) Economic Opportunity Act, 1964
The Election of 1964 • Promised a “Great Society”
In which poverty and racial injustice no longer existed • Johnson won by a landslide
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The Great Society • Programs in education • Medicare and Medicaid • Immigration reform
Prejudice toward Latin Americans • The environment
Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring (1962) National Wilderness Preservation System Act, 1964
• Evaluating the Great Society High-water mark of interventionist government
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The Reforms of the Warren Court • Protecting due process
Right to legal counsel Miranda rights
• Reflections of liberal social climate Overturned ban on sale of contraceptives (Griswold) Banning school prayer
• Principle of “one person, one vote”
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“Although Lyndon Johnson and Congress led the
liberal crusade in the 1960s, the Supreme Court
played an equally significant role.”
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Activists on the New Left • Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) • The Free Speech Movement • Young Americans for Freedom (YAF)
Vatican II and American Catholics • Pope John XXIII and Vatican II
Deal with issues of social change, such as poverty, nuclear war, atheism, and birth control
• Ecumenism Catholics would seek understanding with other Christians
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The Rise of the Counterculture • Spiritual matters aroused secular rebels
Timothy Leary • Communes • Unconventional drugs • Ken Kesey (One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest) • Tom Wolfe (The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test)
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The Rock Revolution • Bob Dylan • The Beatles • Soul music
The West Coast Scene • West Coast importance in counterculture • The first “Be-In” • The Woodstock Music Festival (1969)
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