Art history discuss( no reference)

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Fantasy and Surrealism : Surrealism was founded by poet Andre Breton in 1924; it started as a literary movement as Breton writing the bulk of the theory in manifestoes Based the movement on the psychoanalytical theories of Sigmund Freud, especially those on dreams and sexuality Believed that Surrealism was an escape from bourgeois life to a more real state that combined reality and dreams Thought art should come straight from the subconscious mind: called automatism ; also liked art created by chance and liked to play games: one in particular called the “Exquisite Corpse”: a group of people either writing a poem or drawing a picture, but each person can’t see what the other person wrote or draw resulting in unusual combination of images or words There is no unifying style within Surrealism; artists worked in their own ways as each person’s subconscious was different from another’s Giorgio de Chirico was not a Surrealist, but part of the Italian Metaphysical School who had an influence on the Surrealists. Painters like de Chirico retained the sense of Renaissance space, but used various juxtapositions to produce surprise and shock, fear and strangeness. This search for new, unexplored content would have a profound impact on Surrealism’s search of the irrational and the intuitive. De Chirico was influenced by Arnold Böcklin ( Island of the Dead ) and by Nietzsche’s concept that art expresses deep-seated motivations within the human psyche. Spiritual ideals and psychoanalysis of dreams would lead de Chirico into the style for which he is best known (he would later reject this style). The use of deep perspective gives this work a sense of loneliness and a nightmarish quality of a dream that won’t end. It has an ominous feeling about it.