nursing research 250 words apa format
anisley1992
Chapter14.pptxTheory of Interpersonal Relations: Hildegard Peplau
Chapter 14
Overview of Hildegard Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations
Original four phases in nurse–patient relationships:
Orientation
Identification
Exploitation
Resolution
In 1997, the phase of identification and exploitation were combined resulting in three phases:
Orientation
Working
Termination
Three Phases of Nurse-Patient Relationships
Orientation: a health problem emerges that results in “felt need,” and professional assistance is sought
Working: patient identifies those who can help and the nurse permits exploration of feelings and begins to focus the patient on achievement of new goals
Resolution (termination): time when patient gradually adopts new goals and frees himself or herself from identification with nurse
Six Original Nursing Roles of Nurse–Patient Relationship
Role of the stranger
Role of resource person
Teaching role
Leadership role
Surrogate role
Counseling role
Revised Nursing Roles
Teacher: nurse provides knowledge about a need or problem
Resource: nurse provides information to understand problem
Counselor: nurse helps recognize, face, accept, and resolve problems
Revised Nursing Roles
Leader: nurse initiates and maintains group goals through interaction
Technical expert: nurse provides physical care using clinical skills
Surrogate: nurse may take the place of another
Other Concepts of the Theory
Anxiety: energy that emerges in response to a perceived threat to security
Communication: closely linked with anxiety; involves verbal/nonverbal communication and symbolic meaning behind communication
Pattern integrations: enables transformation of energy into patterns of action that bring satisfaction in the face of a recurring problem
Four Types of Integrating Patterns
Complementary patterns occur when the behavior of one person fits with and complements the behavior of the other
Mutual patterns occur when the same or similar behaviors are used by both persons
Four Types of Integrating Patterns
Alternating patterns occur when different behaviors used by two persons alternate between the two persons
Antagonistic patterns may occur if the behaviors of two persons do not fit but the relationship continues
Major Concepts of Nursing According to Peplau
Person: encompasses the patient (one who has problems for which expert nursing services are needed or sought) and the nurse (a professional with particular expertise)
Environment: forces outside the organism within the context of culture
Major Concepts of Nursing According to Peplau
Health: implies forward movement of personality and other ongoing human processes in the direction of creative, constructive, productive, personal, and community living
Nursing: therapeutic, interpersonal process between the nurse and the patient
Assumptions of the Theory of Interpersonal Relations
The kind of person that the nurse becomes makes difference in what each patient will learn as he or she receives nursing care
Fostering personality development toward maturity is a function of nursing
Nursing uses principles and methods that guide the process toward resolution of interpersonal problems
Propositions of the Theory of Interpersonal Relations
The nurse–patient relationship is an interpersonal process made up of four components: client, nurse, professional expertise of nurse, and client’s problem for which expert nursing serves are sought
The nurse–patient relationship is an interpersonal process that comprises three sometime overlapping or interlocking phases
Brief Critique of Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations
Primarily inductive and based on observations in clinical work and environment
Theory a had foundations in established theory
Clear and easy to understand
Basic concepts are defined
Can be generalized, tested and has been utilized in practice, education, and research
Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations as a Framework for Practice
Assessment: nurse works in the orientation phase as counselor to establish a relationship with the patient and identify problems
Planning: nurse and patient are no longer strangers and are ready to move into the working phase of the relationship
Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations as a Framework for Practice
Implementation: once working phase of the relationship is achieved, nurse–patient partnership is clarified to agree upon one level of dependence/ independence expected
Evaluation: based on patient’s achievement of goals set during earlier phase of nursing process; termination phase occurs when patient’s problem is resolved and patient is ready for independence from nurse
