CRMJ 521 WEEK 7 DISCUSSION

Chapter 13

Counterterrorism

The Options

Counterterrorism and the Use of Force

· Suppression Campaigns

· Military suppression campaigns.

· Case: Operation Enduring Freedom.

· Case: Operation Peace for Galilee.

· Paramilitary suppression campaigns.

· Case: Algeria.

· Case: Colombia.

· Punitive and preemptive strikes.

· Coercive Covert Operations

· “War in the shadows.”

· Case: The Achille Lauro operation.

· Case: Assassinations.

· Case: Israeli Approach

· Case: Armed Drone Aircraft

· Special Operations Forces

· Elite military and police units specializing in unconventional operations.

OOTW: Repressive Options

· Nonviolent Covert Operations

· Encompasses a number of options.

· Inherently secretive. Often creative.

· Examples:

· Infiltration.

· Disinformation.

· Cyberwar

· Intelligence

· SIGINT (Signal Intelligence)

· HUMINT (Human Intelligence)

· OSINT (Open Source Intelligence)

· IMINT (Imagery Intelligence)

· MASINT (Measures and Signatures Intelligence)

· GEOINT (Geospatial Intelligence)

· Enhanced Security

· Target hardening.

· Case: Morocco’s desert wall.

· Case: Israel’s walls on the border.

· Economic Sanctions

· Directed against governments.

· Conditions for success.

· Cooperation must remain firm.

· Trade leaks must be controlled.

· Sanctioned regime must be made to suffer.

· Problems.

· Sanctioned regimes rarely suffer—their people do.

· Coalitions do not always remain firm.

· Leaks are difficult to control.

· OOTW: Conciliatory Options

· Diplomatic Options

· Reasoned dialogue.

· Peace processes.

· Negotiations.

· Social Reform

· Responding to underlying grievances.

· Case: Peru and Shining Path.

· Case: Spain and ETA.

· Concessionary Options

· Giving the terrorists what they want.

· Examples:

· Payment of ransoms.

· Releases of imprisoned comrades.

· Broadcast or publication of extremist propaganda.

· Political amnesty.

Legalistic Options

· Law Enforcement and Counterterrorism

· Responding to terrorist environments.

· Terrorism as inherently criminal behavior under law.

· Taking the lead in investigating terrorist incidents.

· Police repression.

· Domestic Laws and Counterterrorism

· Balancing the need for counterterrorist laws and the protection of constitutional rights.

· Cases:

· Counterterrorist courts in Algeria.

· Amnesty in Italy.

· Capture and arrest of Mir Aimal Kansi

· Outcome of the Achille Lauro incident.

· International Law

· Responses by the world community.

· International conventions on hijacking offenses.

· Protecting diplomats.

· Extradition treaties.

· International courts and tribunals.