Reflection paper
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1Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
CHAPTER 12: Acculturation, Culture Shock, and Intercultural Competence
FLAN 3440
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Acculturation
• The process of cultural change whereby you adapt to a new culture by adopting its values, attitudes, and practices
• When two different cultural groups engage in continuous contact, one of the two groups will induce more change than the other
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Acculturative Stress
• The degree of physical and psychological stress persons experience when they enter a culture different from their own as a result of the adaptation required to function in a new and different cultural context.
• People face changes in – Diet
– Climate
– Housing
– Communication
– Role prescriptions
– Media consumption
– Norms
– Values
– Isolation
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Acculturative Stress
• The degree of physical and psychological stress persons experience when they enter a culture different from their own as a result of the adaptation required to function in a new and different cultural context.
• People face changes in – Diet
– Climate
– Housing
– Communication
– Role prescriptions
– Media consumption
– Norms
– Values
– Isolation
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Acculturative Stress
• The degree of physical and psychological stress persons experience when they enter a culture different from their own as a result of the adaptation required to function in a new and different cultural context.
• People face changes in – Diet
– Climate
– Housing
– Communication
– Role prescriptions
– Media consumption
– Norms
– Values
– Isolation
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Model of Acculturation
• The culture influences the individual, and the individual influences the culture
• Young Kim’s model maintains that
– acculturation is an interaction between the stranger and the host culture
– the role of communication, the role of the host environment, and the role of predisposition best explain the acculturation process
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SOURCE: Based on data from Kim, Y. Y. (1997). Adapting to a New Culture. In L. A. Samovar & R. E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural Communication: A Reader (8th ed., pp. 404–417). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
8Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
SOURCE: Based on data from Kim, Y. Y. (1997). Adapting to a New Culture. In L. A. Samovar & R. E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural Communication: A Reader (8th ed., pp. 404–417). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
9Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
SOURCE: Based on data from Kim, Y. Y. (1997). Adapting to a New Culture. In L. A. Samovar & R. E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural Communication: A Reader (8th ed., pp. 404–417). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Modes of Acculturation
• Assimilation
• Integration
• Separation
• Marginalization
• Cultural transmutation
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Modes of Acculturation
Levels of acculturation depend on: • the degree to which the person
approaches or avoids interaction with the host culture
(outgroup contact and relations)
• the degree to which the individual maintains or relinquishes his/her native culture's attributes
(ingroup identity and maintenance)
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SOURCE: Data adapted from Berry, J. W. (1989). Psychology of Acculturation. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 37, 201–234.
Acculturation in the United States
• The degree of acculturation for micro- cultural groups within the US is associated with a variety of social and medical problems
• To understand maladaptive attitudes and behaviors among various microcultural groups, researchers are assessing levels of acculturation
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Acculturation in the United States
• The degree of acculturation for micro- cultural groups within the US is associated with a variety of social and medical problems
• To understand maladaptive attitudes and behaviors among various microcultural groups, researchers are assessing levels of acculturation
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Culture Shock
• The effects associated with the tension and anxiety of entering a new culture, combined with the sensations of loss, confusion, and powerlessness resulting from the forfeiture of cultural norms and social rituals.
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Culture Shock
• Culture shock appears to be a psychological and social process that progresses in stages, usually lasting as long as a year
• Associated with: – Sensations of loss
– Confusion
– Powerlessness
from the forfeiture of cultural norms and social rituals
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Stages of Culture Shock
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Stages of Culture Shock
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Stages of Culture Shock
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Stages of Culture Shock
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SOURCE: Adapted from Churchman, A., & Mitrani, M. (1997). The Role of the Physical Environment in Culture Shock. Environment and Behavior, 29, 64–87; Lonner, W. (1986). Foreword. In A. Furnham & S. Bochner (Eds.), Culture Shock: Psychological Reactions to Unfamiliar Environments (pp. xv –xx). London: Methuen.
“W” Curve of Culture Shock
• Contains two of the U curves of the culture shock model
– Entry to new culture
– Re-entry shock
• Makes communication of cross-cultural experiences difficult to share
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“W” Curve of Culture Shock
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Strategies for Managing Culture Shock
• Be prepared
• Be aware of symptoms
• Everyone experiences culture shock
• Be aware of danger signs
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Success in the Intercultural Context
Five personality dimensions directly linked to success in long-term intercultural encounters
– Empathy
– open-mindedness
– social initiative
– emotional stability
– flexibility
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Success in the Intercultural Context
Five personality dimensions directly linked to success in long-term intercultural encounters
– Empathy
– open-mindedness
– social initiative
– emotional stability
– flexibility
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Intercultural Communication Competence
• Ability to adapt verbal and nonverbal messages to the appropriate cultural context
• Competence as perceived vs. possessed
• Effective behaviors are those that successfully accomplish communicative goals
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Model of Intercultural Competence
• Three necessary and interdependent ingredients of communication competence
– Knowledge component
– Motivation (affective) component
– Behavior (psychomotor) component
• Situational features
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Model of Intercultural Competence
• Knowledge component—at minimum, a comprehension of values and beliefs.
– Influenced by:
• Cognitive simplicity and rigidity
• Ethnocentrism
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Model of Intercultural Competence
• Affective component— motivation to interact with those from other cultures.
– Influenced by:
• Intercultural communication apprehension
• Intercultural willingness to communicate
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Model of Intercultural Communication Competence
• Psychomotor component—enactment (skill) of the knowledge and affective components.
• Elements:
– Verbal and nonverbal performance
– Role enactment
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Model of Intercultural Communication Competence
• Situational Features—competence varies in situations and contexts.
– This is dependent upon:
• Environment
• Previous contact
• Status differential
• Third-party interventions
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Integrated Model of Intercultural Competence
• Empathy
• Intercultural experience/training
• Approach tendencies
• Global attitude
• Listening skills
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Virtual Visiting Speaker
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