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1Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

CHAPTER 12: Acculturation, Culture Shock, and Intercultural Competence

FLAN 3440

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Acculturation

• The process of cultural change whereby you adapt to a new culture by adopting its values, attitudes, and practices

• When two different cultural groups engage in continuous contact, one of the two groups will induce more change than the other

2Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Acculturative Stress

• The degree of physical and psychological stress persons experience when they enter a culture different from their own as a result of the adaptation required to function in a new and different cultural context.

• People face changes in – Diet

– Climate

– Housing

– Communication

– Role prescriptions

– Media consumption

– Norms

– Values

– Isolation

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Acculturative Stress

• The degree of physical and psychological stress persons experience when they enter a culture different from their own as a result of the adaptation required to function in a new and different cultural context.

• People face changes in – Diet

– Climate

– Housing

– Communication

– Role prescriptions

– Media consumption

– Norms

– Values

– Isolation

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018. 4

Acculturative Stress

• The degree of physical and psychological stress persons experience when they enter a culture different from their own as a result of the adaptation required to function in a new and different cultural context.

• People face changes in – Diet

– Climate

– Housing

– Communication

– Role prescriptions

– Media consumption

– Norms

– Values

– Isolation

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Model of Acculturation

• The culture influences the individual, and the individual influences the culture

• Young Kim’s model maintains that

– acculturation is an interaction between the stranger and the host culture

– the role of communication, the role of the host environment, and the role of predisposition best explain the acculturation process

6Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

7Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

SOURCE: Based on data from Kim, Y. Y. (1997). Adapting to a New Culture. In L. A. Samovar & R. E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural Communication: A Reader (8th ed., pp. 404–417). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

8Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

SOURCE: Based on data from Kim, Y. Y. (1997). Adapting to a New Culture. In L. A. Samovar & R. E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural Communication: A Reader (8th ed., pp. 404–417). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

9Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

SOURCE: Based on data from Kim, Y. Y. (1997). Adapting to a New Culture. In L. A. Samovar & R. E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural Communication: A Reader (8th ed., pp. 404–417). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Modes of Acculturation

• Assimilation

• Integration

• Separation

• Marginalization

• Cultural transmutation

10Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Modes of Acculturation

Levels of acculturation depend on: • the degree to which the person

approaches or avoids interaction with the host culture

(outgroup contact and relations)

• the degree to which the individual maintains or relinquishes his/her native culture's attributes

(ingroup identity and maintenance)

11Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

1 2

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

SOURCE: Data adapted from Berry, J. W. (1989). Psychology of Acculturation. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 37, 201–234.

Acculturation in the United States

• The degree of acculturation for micro- cultural groups within the US is associated with a variety of social and medical problems

• To understand maladaptive attitudes and behaviors among various microcultural groups, researchers are assessing levels of acculturation

13Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Acculturation in the United States

• The degree of acculturation for micro- cultural groups within the US is associated with a variety of social and medical problems

• To understand maladaptive attitudes and behaviors among various microcultural groups, researchers are assessing levels of acculturation

14Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Culture Shock

• The effects associated with the tension and anxiety of entering a new culture, combined with the sensations of loss, confusion, and powerlessness resulting from the forfeiture of cultural norms and social rituals.

15Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Culture Shock

• Culture shock appears to be a psychological and social process that progresses in stages, usually lasting as long as a year

• Associated with: – Sensations of loss

– Confusion

– Powerlessness

from the forfeiture of cultural norms and social rituals

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17Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Stages of Culture Shock

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Stages of Culture Shock

19Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Stages of Culture Shock

20Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Stages of Culture Shock

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SOURCE: Adapted from Churchman, A., & Mitrani, M. (1997). The Role of the Physical Environment in Culture Shock. Environment and Behavior, 29, 64–87; Lonner, W. (1986). Foreword. In A. Furnham & S. Bochner (Eds.), Culture Shock: Psychological Reactions to Unfamiliar Environments (pp. xv –xx). London: Methuen.

“W” Curve of Culture Shock

• Contains two of the U curves of the culture shock model

– Entry to new culture

– Re-entry shock

• Makes communication of cross-cultural experiences difficult to share

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“W” Curve of Culture Shock

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Strategies for Managing Culture Shock

• Be prepared

• Be aware of symptoms

• Everyone experiences culture shock

• Be aware of danger signs

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Success in the Intercultural Context

Five personality dimensions directly linked to success in long-term intercultural encounters

– Empathy

– open-mindedness

– social initiative

– emotional stability

– flexibility

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Success in the Intercultural Context

Five personality dimensions directly linked to success in long-term intercultural encounters

– Empathy

– open-mindedness

– social initiative

– emotional stability

– flexibility

27Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

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Intercultural Communication Competence

• Ability to adapt verbal and nonverbal messages to the appropriate cultural context

• Competence as perceived vs. possessed

• Effective behaviors are those that successfully accomplish communicative goals

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Model of Intercultural Competence

• Three necessary and interdependent ingredients of communication competence

– Knowledge component

– Motivation (affective) component

– Behavior (psychomotor) component

• Situational features

29Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Model of Intercultural Competence

• Knowledge component—at minimum, a comprehension of values and beliefs.

– Influenced by:

• Cognitive simplicity and rigidity

• Ethnocentrism

30Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Model of Intercultural Competence

• Affective component— motivation to interact with those from other cultures.

– Influenced by:

• Intercultural communication apprehension

• Intercultural willingness to communicate

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Model of Intercultural Communication Competence

• Psychomotor component—enactment (skill) of the knowledge and affective components.

• Elements:

– Verbal and nonverbal performance

– Role enactment

32Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Model of Intercultural Communication Competence

• Situational Features—competence varies in situations and contexts.

– This is dependent upon:

• Environment

• Previous contact

• Status differential

• Third-party interventions

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Integrated Model of Intercultural Competence

• Empathy

• Intercultural experience/training

• Approach tendencies

• Global attitude

• Listening skills

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Virtual Visiting Speaker

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