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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
CHAPTER 12: Acculturation, Culture Shock, and Intercultural Competence
FLAN 3440
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Acculturation
The process of cultural change whereby you adapt to a new culture by adopting its values, attitudes, and practices
When two different cultural groups engage in continuous contact, one of the two groups will induce more change than the other
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Acculturative Stress
The degree of physical and psychological stress persons experience when they enter a culture different from their own as a result of the adaptation required to function in a new and different cultural context.
People face changes in
Diet
Climate
Housing
Communication
Role prescriptions
Media consumption
Norms
Values
Isolation
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
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Acculturative Stress
The degree of physical and psychological stress persons experience when they enter a culture different from their own as a result of the adaptation required to function in a new and different cultural context.
People face changes in
Diet
Climate
Housing
Communication
Role prescriptions
Media consumption
Norms
Values
Isolation
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
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Acculturative Stress
The degree of physical and psychological stress persons experience when they enter a culture different from their own as a result of the adaptation required to function in a new and different cultural context.
People face changes in
Diet
Climate
Housing
Communication
Role prescriptions
Media consumption
Norms
Values
Isolation
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
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Model of Acculturation
The culture influences the individual, and the individual influences the culture
Young Kim’s model maintains that
acculturation is an interaction between the stranger and the host culture
the role of communication, the role of the host environment, and the role of predisposition best explain the acculturation process
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
SOURCE: Based on data from Kim, Y. Y. (1997). Adapting to a New Culture. In L. A. Samovar & R. E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural Communication: A Reader (8th ed., pp. 404–417). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
SOURCE: Based on data from Kim, Y. Y. (1997). Adapting to a New Culture. In L. A. Samovar & R. E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural Communication: A Reader (8th ed., pp. 404–417). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
SOURCE: Based on data from Kim, Y. Y. (1997). Adapting to a New Culture. In L. A. Samovar & R. E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural Communication: A Reader (8th ed., pp. 404–417). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Modes of Acculturation
Assimilation
Integration
Separation
Marginalization
Cultural transmutation
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Modes of Acculturation
Levels of acculturation depend on:
the degree to which the person approaches or avoids interaction with the host culture
(outgroup contact and relations)
the degree to which the individual maintains or relinquishes his/her native culture's attributes
(ingroup identity and maintenance)
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
SOURCE: Data adapted from Berry, J. W. (1989). Psychology of Acculturation. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 37, 201–234.
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Acculturation in the United States
The degree of acculturation for micro-cultural groups within the US is associated with a variety of social and medical problems
To understand maladaptive attitudes and behaviors among various microcultural groups, researchers are assessing levels of acculturation
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Acculturation in the United States
The degree of acculturation for micro-cultural groups within the US is associated with a variety of social and medical problems
To understand maladaptive attitudes and behaviors among various microcultural groups, researchers are assessing levels of acculturation
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Culture Shock
The effects associated with the tension and anxiety of entering a new culture, combined with the sensations of loss, confusion, and powerlessness resulting from the forfeiture of cultural norms and social rituals.
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Culture Shock
Culture shock appears to be a psychological and social process that progresses in stages, usually lasting as long as a year
Associated with:
Sensations of loss
Confusion
Powerlessness
from the forfeiture of cultural norms and social rituals
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Stages of Culture Shock
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Stages of Culture Shock
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Stages of Culture Shock
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Stages of Culture Shock
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
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SOURCE: Adapted from Churchman, A., & Mitrani, M. (1997). The Role of the Physical Environment in Culture Shock. Environment and Behavior, 29, 64–87; Lonner, W. (1986). Foreword. In A. Furnham & S. Bochner (Eds.), Culture Shock: Psychological Reactions to Unfamiliar Environments (pp. xv–xx). London: Methuen.
“W” Curve of Culture Shock
Contains two of the U curves of the culture shock model
Entry to new culture
Re-entry shock
Makes communication of cross-cultural experiences difficult to share
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“W” Curve of Culture Shock
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Strategies for Managing Culture Shock
Be prepared
Be aware of symptoms
Everyone experiences culture shock
Be aware of danger signs
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Success in the Intercultural Context
Five personality dimensions directly linked to success in long-term intercultural encounters
Empathy
open-mindedness
social initiative
emotional stability
flexibility
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
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Success in the Intercultural Context
Five personality dimensions directly linked to success in long-term intercultural encounters
Empathy
open-mindedness
social initiative
emotional stability
flexibility
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Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.
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Intercultural Communication Competence
Ability to adapt verbal and nonverbal messages to the appropriate cultural context
Competence as perceived vs. possessed
Effective behaviors are those that successfully accomplish communicative goals
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Model of Intercultural Competence
Three necessary and interdependent ingredients of communication competence
Knowledge component
Motivation (affective) component
Behavior (psychomotor) component
Situational features
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Model of Intercultural Competence
Knowledge component—at minimum, a comprehension of values and beliefs.
Influenced by:
Cognitive simplicity and rigidity
Ethnocentrism
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Model of Intercultural Competence
Affective component—motivation to interact with those from other cultures.
Influenced by:
Intercultural communication apprehension
Intercultural willingness to communicate
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Model of Intercultural Communication Competence
Psychomotor component—enactment (skill) of the knowledge and affective components.
Elements:
Verbal and nonverbal performance
Role enactment
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Model of Intercultural Communication Competence
Situational Features—competence varies in situations and contexts.
This is dependent upon:
Environment
Previous contact
Status differential
Third-party interventions
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Integrated Model of Intercultural Competence
Empathy
Intercultural experience/training
Approach tendencies
Global attitude
Listening skills
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Virtual Visiting Speaker
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