Real life example
Rain Ashbell
Chapter12LeadershipRobbinsBb.pptx
Chapter 12: Leadership
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Helena Addae Ph.D
Chapter 12: Leadership
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Chapter 12: Leadership Outline
What? Types?
Leadership Theories
Trait
Behavioral
Contingency
Fiedler contingency model
Path-goal theory, by Robert House
Leader Member Exchange theory
Charismatic vs Transformational
Ethical Leadership
Trust & Leadership
Online Leadership
Does Leadership Matter?
Leadership Effectiveness
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Leadership
What?
Your questions on leadership?
Concepts you had some difficulty understanding?
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Leadership
Leadership - influence -> achievement of a vision or set of goals.
Types
Formal vs Informal
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Helena Addae Ph.D
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Trait theories
focus on personal qualities and characteristics.
personality, social, physical, or intellectual attributes
traits fit around the Big Five personality framework.
Like being around people.
Extraverted.
Conscientious
Are creative and flexible (open).
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Trait Theories of Leadership
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Emotional intelligence (EI).
Critical to effective leadership: A core component of EI is empathy.
Video…https://hbr.org/video/5236216251001/what-makes-a-leader
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Trait Theories of Leadership
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Traits
predict the emergence of leaders and the appearance of leadership > selection of leaders
Not distinguishing between effective and ineffective leaders.
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Conclusions of Trait Theories of Leadership
Helena Addae Ph.D
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Chapter 12: Leadership Outline
What? Types?
Leadership Theories
Trait
Behavioral
Contingency
Fiedler contingency model
Path-goal theory, by Robert House
Leader Member Exchange theory
Charismatic vs Transformational
Ethical Leadership
Trust & Leadership
Online Leadership
Leadership Effectiveness
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Imply we can train people to be leaders.
Ohio State Studies found two behaviors that accounted for most leadership behavior:
Initiating structure
Consideration
University of Michigan’s objectives also identified two behavioral types:
Production-oriented leader
Employee-oriented leader
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Behavioral Theories
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Culture and behavioral theories
Brazilian employees, team oriented, participative, and humane
What leadership work be more successful?
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Behavioral Theories
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Culture and behavioral theories
French: bureaucratic, status oriented
What leadership work be more successful?
What about Asians?
Chinese: Collective but ensure high productivity
What leadership work be more successful?
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Behavioral Theories
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Dark Triad?
What about
Narcissists?
Machiavellians
Psychopaths
Could they be good leaders?
…http://www.foxbusiness.com/features/2014/07/30/why-narcissists-make-good-ceos.html
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Summary so far
Leaders
Some traits, consideration,& structuring behaviors appear to be more effective.
Traits and behaviors do not guarantee success.
Context matters, too.
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Trait Theories and Behavioral Theories
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Contingency Theories of Leadership
Fiedler contingency model
Path-goal theory, by Robert House
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Contingency Theories of Leadership
Fiedler contingency model
individual’s leadership style key
Least preferred co-worker (LPC) questionnaire.
Task or relationship oriented.
Assumes leadership style is fixed.
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Defining the Situation
Contingency dimensions:
Leader-member relations
Task structure
Position power
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Fiedler contingency model
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Chapter 12: Leadership Outline
What? Types?
Leadership Theories
Trait
Behavioral
Contingency
Fiedler contingency model
Path-goal theory, by Robert House
Leader Member Exchange theory
Charismatic vs Transformational
Ethical Leadership
Trust & Leadership
Online Leadership
Does Leadership Matter?
Leadership Effectiveness
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Path-goal theory, developed by Robert House
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Other Contingency Theories
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Initiating structure, consideration and the expectancy theory of motivation.
Effective leaders
Path--------followers
achieve work goals.
Directive or supportive depends on the situation.
directive leadership - tasks are ambiguous or stressful
supportive leadership - performing structured tasks.
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Path-goal theory: Robert House
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LMX
What?
Why?
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Leader Member Exchange theory
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LMX
Demographics: overall, similar to me effect
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LMX
What?
Why?
Implications? What if you are in the in or out-group?
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Leader Member Exchange theory
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Chapter 12: Leadership Outline
What? Types?
Leadership Theories
Trait
Behavioral
Contingency
Fiedler contingency model
Path-goal theory, by Robert House
Leader Member Exchange theory
Charismatic vs Transformational
Ethical Leadership
Trust & Leadership
Online Leadership
Leadership Effectiveness
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Charismatic &Transformational Leadership
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Charismatic &Transformational Leadership
Are Charismatic Leaders Born or Made?
Develop the aura of charisma.
Create a bond that inspires others to follow.
Bring out the potential in followers by tapping into their emotions.
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How Charismatic Leaders Influence Followers
Articulating an appealing vision.
Developing a vision statement.
Establishing a new set of values.
Conveying courage and conviction about the vision.
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Charismatic Leadership
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Does Effective Charismatic Leadership Depend on the Situation?
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Charismatic Leadership
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The Dark Side of Charismatic Leadership
Leaders - allowed personal goals to override the goals of the organization.
narcissistic.
Some charismatic leaders are too successful at convincing followers to pursue a vision that can be disastrous.
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Charismatic Leadership
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Transformational Leadership
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How Transformational Leadership Works
Creativity
Decentralization
Propensity to take risks
Compensation
Increase follower self-efficacy
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Transformational Leadership
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Evaluation
Most effective - directly interact with the workforce - make decisions, not deal complex bureaucratic structure
High power distance and collectivism –improves group effectiveness
China and the United States - perceived procedural justice among individuals who were lower in power-distance orientation
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Transformational Leadership
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Evaluation
Confidence in their ability to be creative at work - higher levels of creative performance.
Related to higher levels of individual follower performance, team performance, and organizational performance.
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Transformational Leadership
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Culture - GLOBE regardless of country
disputes the contingency view that leadership style needs to adapt to cultural differences.
Universal elements are vision, foresight, provide encouragement, trustworthy, dynamic, positive, and proactive.
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Transformational Leadership
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Chapter 12: Leadership Outline
What? Types?
Leadership Theories
Trait
Behavioral
Contingency
Fiedler contingency model
Path-goal theory, by Robert House
Leader Member Exchange theory
Charismatic vs Transformational
Ethical Leadership
Trust & Leadership
Online Leadership
Does Leadership Matter?
Leadership Effectiveness
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Role of Leaders in Creating Ethical Organizations
Authentic Leadership
Authentic leaders:
Know who they are.
Know what they believe in and value.
Act on those values and beliefs openly and candidly.
The result: people come to have faith in them.
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Ethical Leadership
Moral convictions in statements that reflect values
Set high ethical standards
Behave accordingly
Encourage and reward integrity of employees
Avoiding abuses of power
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Socialized charismatic leadership
Combination of ethical and charismatic leadership
conveys other-centered (not self-centered) values by leaders who model ethical conduct.
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Trust & Leadership
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Trust as a Process - Time:
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Online Leadership
Online Leadership
managers and employees linked by networks
Online leaders have to think carefully about what actions they want their digital messages to initiate.
Identification-based trust is difficult to achieve without face-to-face interaction.
Writing skills are likely to become an extension of interpersonal skills.
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Does Leadership Matter?
Do leaders always make a difference?
Effect on attitudes & behaviors?
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Leadership Substitutes and Neutralizers
Are leaders necessary?
Substitutes
What?
Situational factors can substitute for leader behaviors
Neutralizers
What?
Impossible for leaders to make a difference
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Leadership Substitutes and Neutralizers
Characteristics of the subordinate
Characteristics of the work
Characteristics of the group
Characteristics of the organization
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Effectiveness of Leadership
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Effectiveness of Leadership
Attribution theory of leadership
leadership is merely an attribution people make about other individuals.
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Effectiveness of Leadership
Selecting Leaders
Identifying effective leaders:
Review specific requirements for the position.
Consider personality tests to identify leadership traits.
Situation-specific experience is relevant.
Plan for a change in leadership.
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Implications for Managers
Questions??
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