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CHAPTER 11: Intercultural Communication in Business, Health Care and Educational Settings

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

FLAN 3440

Intercultural Management

Successful cross-cultural management depends on the ability of managers understand the:

Cultural context

Organizational culture

Environmental context

Perceptual context

Organization’s emphasis on group membership

Verbal and nonverbal codes of the foreign counterparts

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Power Distance & Organizations

Characteristics of large power distance cultures:

Status conscious

Employ top-down communication

Mindful of employee welfare

Employees not expected to participate in decision making.

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Environmental Context

Perspective on the environment including

Information load

Privacy

Company’s overall orientation to nature

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Perceptual Context

The attitudes, emotions, and motivations of the persons engaged in communication and how they affect information processing

Categorizing

Stereotyping

Group Membership

Verbal and Nonverbal codes

Language

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Japanese Management Practices

Wa (harmony)

Taiso (morning exercise)

Salaryman

Karoshi (overwork death)

Shushin koyo (lifetime employment)

Nenko joretsu (seniority grading)

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

SOURCE: Beer, J. E. (2003 and 2016). The Life of a Salaryman: Time, Space, Career Path. Retrieved from http://www.culture-at-work.com/jworklife.html. Used with permission.

Japanese Managerial Strategies

Firm’s Authority

Personal Development

Socializing

Gaijin

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

German Management Practices

Facts more important than face

Factual honesty more important than politeness

State-regulated apprentice system

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

German Management Practices

Compartmentalization/Doors

Skill and experience most important promotional considerations

Implement shadow worker programs

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Mexican Management Practices

Individual effort and self-starting are met with suspicion

Mexican workers value harmony above all else

Organizations considered paternalistic

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Mexican Management Practices

Value cooperation over competition

Rigid hierarchy

Mexican workers prefer close supervision

Innovative/risk taking behavior is inappropriate

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Chinese Management Practices

Business practices guided by Confucian ideals

Trust and Social bonds with business relationships important

Relationships viewed as unequal

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Chinese Management Practices

No separation between social and organizational relationships

Management is responsible for decision making

Organizational conflict dealt with through mediation and compromise

Gift giving now forbidden

Neuliep, Intercultural Communication, 7e. © SAGE Publications, 2018.

Culture, Intercultural Communication, and Health Care

Different cultural groups have different beliefs, values, and behaviors associated with their health and health care

Illness generally attributed to a factor that is:

within the individual

within the natural environment

societal

supernatural

Health Communication

“The study and use of communication strategies to inform and influence individual decisions that enhance health.”

Patient–Provider Communication

Paternalism vs. Consumerism or Mutual Participation

SOURCE: World Health Organization. (2015). World Health Statistics 2015. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.

Healthcare Communication

Patients in collectivistic, large power distance cultures prefer to participate in decision-making about health care

Provider’s nonnative accent has minimal effect on patient perceptions

Microcultural group status in the U.S. does affect health care communication between patient and provider

Intercultural Communication and Educational Settings

Teacher-Student relationship

HOW students go about learning and teachers go about teaching may vary considerably across cultures

Learning Styles

Intercultural Communication and Educational Settings

Experiential Learning Theory (ELT)

learning results from (1) grasping experience, and (2) transforming experience.

concrete experience (CE) and abstract conceptualization (AC)

Teacher Immediacy

The physiological and psychological distance between interactants

Recommendations that may be helpful for teachers in an intercultural classroom:

1. Motivate learning

2. Balance concrete and conceptual information

3. Balance structured and unstructured activities

4. Make liberal use of visuals

5. Don’t just lecture

6. Allow students to cooperate on some assignments

Summary

Explored principles necessary to consider when you are in a culture other than your own:

Doing business

Managing people

Providing health care

Teaching students

Examined ways to be successful communicators in a variety of contexts