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Women and the Criminal Justice System

CHAPTER

Women and the Criminal Justice System, 4e Katherine van Wormer and Clemens Bartollas

Women in Law Enforcement

Women and the Criminal Justice System, 4e Katherine van Wormer and Clemens Bartollas

Themes of the Chapter

Challenges to women in the field

Policing as highly masculine, action-oriented

Women and the Criminal Justice System, 4e Katherine van Wormer and Clemens Bartollas

History of Women in Policing

Women first hired through jail reform, prison matrons

1845: New York hired police matrons

Women’s help needed to work with prostitutes

Alice Stebbins Wells first policewoman

Women and the Criminal Justice System, 4e Katherine van Wormer and Clemens Bartollas

History continued

Opposition to women in policing from within the police ranks

Second generation of policewoman
Well educated
Desired more equal roles on the force

Impact of EEOC on recruiting practices

Women and the Criminal Justice System, 4e Katherine van Wormer and Clemens Bartollas

Women in Policing

Women and the Criminal Justice System, 4e Katherine van Wormer and Clemens Bartollas

Women in Policing continued

Women and the Criminal Justice System, 4e Katherine van Wormer and Clemens Bartollas

Women in Policing continued

Women and the Criminal Justice System, 4e Katherine van Wormer and Clemens Bartollas

Barriers to Women in Policing

Damaging stereotypes by general public

Sexual harassment

Isolation

Harsh standard evaluations at work

Women and the Criminal Justice System, 4e Katherine van Wormer and Clemens Bartollas

Barriers to Women in Policing continued

Males get more highly valued dangerous assignments

Many discrimination lawsuits of harassment

Lesbian officers experience more discrimination based on gender than sexual orientation

Women and the Criminal Justice System, 4e Katherine van Wormer and Clemens Bartollas

Comparison Male and Female Performance

Women handle these aspects of policing as well as men:

Crime-fighting
Peacekeeping
Combat
Patrol
Social service aspects

Women and the Criminal Justice System, 4e Katherine van Wormer and Clemens Bartollas

Comparison Male and Female Performance continued

Women show more restraint in using weapons.

Women have a higher turnover rate than men.

Consider how women officers used their special knowledge to help in the search for kidnap victim Jaycee Dugard.

Women and the Criminal Justice System, 4e Katherine van Wormer and Clemens Bartollas

Statistics

Around 32% of officers, Madison, WI, are women but only around 13% on average nationwide are women.

Women and the Criminal Justice System, 4e Katherine van Wormer and Clemens Bartollas

African American Officers

Receive less protective treatment than whites

High turnover rate

Discuss Box 11.5, an interview with an African American campus police officer

Martin, S. E. (1994, August). “Outsider within” the station house: The impact of race and gender on black women police. Social Problems 41: 383–384, 389.

Women and the Criminal Justice System, 4e Katherine van Wormer and Clemens Bartollas

Career Paths

PoliceWOMEN (more feminine) vs. POLICEwomen (focus on professionalism, not service)

Women need to develop their own supportive network

Superior interpersonal skills helps women handle stress

Police women report dating problems due to shifts, image

Women and the Criminal Justice System, 4e Katherine van Wormer and Clemens Bartollas

Sexual Harassment Cases

The first case, in 1972, looked at the work environment

Quid pro quo cases

Hostile work environment

“Reasonable woman” standard

Women and the Criminal Justice System, 4e Katherine van Wormer and Clemens Bartollas

Conclusion

Women fulfill essential roles in policing.

The barriers that women face in policing are greater than those in other areas of criminal justice.

Many have overcome the barriers to lead successful professional lives.