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Addictions

CHAPTER 11

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Chapter 11
Addictions

Learning Outcomes:

  • Name some of the risk factors for problem gambling

  • Discuss reasons why people choose to use, or not use, drugs

  • Give examples of appropriate and inappropriate use of over-the-counter drugs and prescription medications

  • Identify the types of drug dependence, and discuss the factors affecting drug dependence

Chapter 11
Addictions

Learning Outcomes:

  • Describe the effects and health

risks of common drugs of abuse

  • Describe the treatment methods

available for individuals seeking

help for drug dependence

  • Review your drug history

(legal and illegal) and

assess the health risks

you choose to take

Addictive Behavior

  • Addictive behaviors impact all dimensions of health

  • Addiction: Behavioral pattern characterized by compulsion, loss of control, and continued repetition of a behavior or activity in spite of consequences

  • One can become addicted

to more than drugs

  • Gambling
  • Food
  • Internet

Drug Use

Why Students Use Drugs

  • Genetics/Family History
  • Parental attitudes and behaviors
  • Substance Use in H.S.
  • Expectationsf
  • Mental Health Problems
  • Social Influences
  • Alcohol use
  • Race/Ethnicity

Why Students Don’t Use

  • Spirituality and religion

  • Academic engagement

  • Perceived harmfulness

  • Athletics

Terminology

  • Drug: any substance other than food that affects bodily functions and structures

  • Drug Abuse: A pattern of substance use resulting in negative consequences or impairment

  • Drug Misuse: taking a drug for a purpose or by a person other than that for which it was intended, or not taking the recommended doses

  • Drug Diversion: the transfer of a medication from the individual to whom it was prescribed to another person

Routes of Administration

Caffeine

  • Most widely used psychoactive drug in the world

  • Stimulant with addictive qualities
  • May suffer withdrawal symptoms

  • Moderate use poses few serious health risks for most people and can provide health benefits

  • Different beverages/foods contain various levels of caffeine

Medications

  • Over-the-counter (OTC) – readily available without prescription, some restricted because of other risks (e.g. psuedoephredrine)

  • Important to read labels, consider potential side effects and risks, use properly

Prescription Drugs

  • Talk with doctor and pharmacist
  • Purpose and dosage
  • Side effects – physical/psychological
  • Drug interactions
  • Generic Options

  • Prescription Drug Abuse
  • Stimulants – Ritalin
  • Pain Killers – Oxycontin, Vicodin

Substance-Use Disorders

  • Dependence
  • Psychological: “craving”
  • Physical: develop “tolerance” – needing larger doses for same effects. Withdrawal symptoms possible

Intoxication and Withdrawal

Polyabuse

Causes of Drug Dependence & Abuse

  • Biological Factors
  • Dopamine

  • Psychology of Vulnerability

  • Early Influences

Cannabis

  • Marijuana and Hashish
  • Most widely used illicit drug
  • Active ingredient THC

  • Short and Long-Term Risks & Effects
  • Brain
  • Lungs
  • Heart
  • Pregnancy
  • Withdrawal

Designer/Synthetic Drugs

Designer Drugs – “club drugs”

Illegally manufactured psychoactive drugs that have dangerous physical and psychological effects

  • Ecstasy MDMA
  • GHB and GBL

Synthetic, Herbal, “legal drugs”

  • Synthetic marijuana Herbal ecstasy
  • Khat
  • Synthetic stimulants (bath salts)

Stimulants

  • Increase activity of central nervous system

  • Risk of psychological and physical dependence as well as health risks
  • Amphetamines
  • Methamphetamines
  • Cocaine

Depressants

  • Depress the central nervous system: reduce activity, induce relaxation, drowsiness, or sleep

  • Benzodiazepines and Barbiturates
  • Sedative-hypnotics

  • Opiods (pain-relieving, sleep-inducing)
  • Morphine, codeine, heroin
  • Highly addictive

Other Drugs

  • Hallucinogens
  • LSD

  • Dissociative Drugs
  • PCP, Ketamine

  • Inhalants

Treatment

Overcoming addiction is a long, difficult,

complex process but it can be done.

  • Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment

  • 12-Step Programs (AA, Narcotics Anonymous)

  • Relapse Prevention