journal

mrsishman

Chapter1_Oliva.ppt

Home >Education homework help >journal

CHAPTER 1:
CURRICULUM AND
INSTRUCTION DEFINED

Developing the Curriculum

Eighth Edition

Peter F. Oliva

William R. Gordon II

1-*

AFTER STUDYING THIS CHAPTER YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

Identify alternative definitions of curriculum.
Distinguish between curriculum and instruction.
Explain in what ways curriculum can be considered a discipline.
Create or select a model of the relationship between curriculum and instruction and describe your creation or selection.

1-*

CONCEPTIONS OF CURRICULUM

The track—the curriculum—has become one of the key concerns of today’s schools.
The quest for a definition of curriculum has taxed many an educator.
In many schools a written plan may be called a curriculum, but a curriculum encompasses many more entities than a written plan.

1-*

CONCEPTIONS OF CURRICULUM

The term curriculum can be conceived in a narrow way (as subjects taught) or in a broad way (as all the experiences of learners, both in school and out, directed by the school).

Curriculum—is built, planned, designed, and constructed. It is improved, revised, and evaluated.

1-*

CONCEPTIONS OF CURRICULUM

With considerable ingenuity the specialist can mold, shape, and tailor the curriculum to the needs of children the school serves.

Some curriculum theorists combine elements of both curriculum and instruction in defining the term curriculum.

1-*

CONCEPTIONS OF CURRICULUM

Others find a definition of curriculum in:

purposes or goals of the curriculum

contexts within which the curriculum is found

strategies used throughout the curriculum

1-*

CONCEPTIONS OF CURRICULUM

The purpose of the curriculum:
what curriculum does or should do
what the curriculum is meant to achieve
The contexts of the curriculum are the settings within which it takes shape-three types:
essentialist curriculum-designed to transmit the cultural heritage
a child-centered curriculum-designed to focus on the learner
reconstructionist curriculum-aims to educate youth in such a way that they will be capable of solving some of society’s pressing problems

1-*

CONCEPTIONS OF CURRICULUM

Text definition - curriculum is perceived as a plan or program for all the experiences that the learner encounters under the direction of the school. In practice, the curriculum consists of a number of plans, in written form and of varying scope, that delineate the desired learning experiences. The curriculum, therefore, may be a unit, a course, a sequence of courses, the school’s entire program of studies—and may be encountered inside or outside of class or school when directed by the personnel of the school.

1-*

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTION

A simplistic view of curriculum is - that which is taught and instruction as the means used to teach that which is taught.

Even more simply, curriculum can be conceived as the “what” or ends and instruction as the “how” or means.

1-*

Both curriculum and instruction are subsystems of a larger system called schooling or education.

Decisions about the curriculum relate to plans or programs and thus are programmatic.

Decisions about instruction (and thereby implementation) are methodological.

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTION

1-*

Four Models:

Dualistic

Interlocking

Concentric

Cyclical

Models of the Curriculum–
Instruction Relationship

1-*

Models of the Curriculum–
Instruction Relationship

Dualistic Model:

Curriculum sits on one side and instruction on the other – no intersection.
Discussions of curriculum are divorced from their practical application to the classroom.
Under this model the curriculum and the instructional process may change without significantly affecting one another.

1-*

Models of the Curriculum–
Instruction Relationship

Interlocking Model:

Curriculum and instruction are shown as systems entwined.

The separation of one from the other would do serious harm to both.

1-*

Concentric Models:

Mutual dependence is the key feature of concentric models.

Two conceptions of the curriculum–instruction relationship that show one as the subsystem of the other.

Models of the Curriculum–
Instruction Relationship

1-*

Models of the Curriculum–
Instruction Relationship

Cyclical Model:

Curriculum and instruction are separate entities with a continuing circular relationship.

Curriculum makes a continuous impact on instruction and, vice versa, instruction has impact on curriculum.

The essential element of feedback is stressed.

1-*

Models of the Curriculum–
Instruction Relationship

Most theoreticians today appear to agree with the following comments:

Curriculum and instruction are related but different.
Curriculum and instruction are interlocking and interdependent.
Curriculum and instruction may be studied and analyzed as separate entities but cannot function in mutual isolation.

1-*

CURRICULUM AS A DISCIPLINE

What are the characteristics of a discipline?

Principles - An organized set of theoretical constructs or principles that governs it.
Knowledge and Skills - It encompasses a body of knowledge and skills pertinent to that discipline as well as the use of an amalgamation of knowledge and skills from many disciplines.
Theoreticians and Practitioners – It has theoreticians and practitioners.

1-*

CURRICULUM SPECIALISTS

Curriculum specialists make contributions by:

Creatively transforming theory and knowledge into practice.
Examining and reexamining theory and knowledge from their field and related fields.
Stimulating research on curricular problems.
Providing leadership to the teachers.

1-*

A FINAL THOUGHT:

Teachers, curriculum specialists, and instructional supervisors share leadership responsibilities in efforts to develop the curriculum.