Communication Disorders Help
nomgisaj3Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Laura M. Justice and Erin E. Redle © 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 1
Fundamentals of Communication Sciences and Disorders
Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle
© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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Focus Questions
What is communication?
How does communication relate to language, speech, and hearing?
What is a communication disorder?
What careers are available in the field of communication sciences and disorders?
Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle
© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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Heart of Life’s Experiences
- Chances are someone you know has a communication disorder.
- How would your life differ if you had a communication disorder?
- If you, yourself, have a communication disorder, how would your life change if you did not have the disorder?
Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle
© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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What is Communication?
- The process of sharing information between two or more persons.
- “The transmission of thought or feelings from the mind of a speaker to the mind of the listener” (Borden, Harris, & Raphael).
Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle
© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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Purposes, Players and Processes
- Purposes
- To request
- To reject
- To comment
- Players
- A sender
- A receiver
- Processes
- Formulations
- Transmission
- Reception
- Comprehension
Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle
© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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Modalities
- Describes the manner in which information conveyed via communication is transmitted and received.
- Speech (most common)
- Sign Language
- Read, Write
- Gestures, pictures, and facial expressions
Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle
© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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Model of Communication
- Feedback
- Why is it important?
- Types
- Linguistic feedback
- Nonlinguistic or extralinguistic feedback
- Paralinguistic feedback
Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle
© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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The Purpose Of Communication
- Communication Functions
- Instrumental Communication
- Regulatory Communication
- Interactional Communication
- Personal Communication
- Heuristic Communication
- Imaginative Communication
- Information Communication
Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle
© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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Effective Communication
- Principles
- Principle of Quantity
- Principle of Quality
- Principle of Relevance
- Principle of Manner
Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle
© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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How Does Communication Relate to Language, Speech, and Hearing?
- Language, speech, and hearing are:
- The essential ingredients of human communication.
- Used for the formulation, transmission, reception, and comprehension of information using spoken channels.
Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle
© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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Language
- Definition
- Describes the cognitive process by which we formulate ideas and thoughts.
- Socially shared code that used a conventional system of arbitrary symbols to represent ideas about the world that are meaningful to others.
Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle
© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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Remarkable Features of Language
- Universality
- Species Specificity
- Productivity
- Rate of Acquisition
Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle
© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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Language Domains
- Ways to examine language
- Content
- Form
- Use
Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle
© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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Elements of Domain System
- Semantics
- Syntax
- Morphology
- Phonology
- Pragmatics
Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle
© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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Speech
- Definition
- The neuromuscular process that allows humans to express language as a vocal product.
- Systems Involved
- Respiration
- Phonation
- Articulation
Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle
© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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Building Blocks of Effective Speech
- Breathstream
- Voice
- Articulation
- Fluency
Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle
© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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Hearing
- Definition
- The perception of sound; audition involves specifically the perception of speech.
- Sound Fundamentals
- Creation of sound by source
- Vibration of air particles
- Reception by ear
- Comprehension by brain
Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle
© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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What is a Communication Disorder?
- Normal And Disordered Communication
- Communication Disorders And Communication Differences
- Classification Of Communication Disorders
Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle
© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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Normal and Disordered Communication
- A disorder is present when a significant difficulty in one or more of these aspects of communication is present.
- Formulation
- Transmission
- Reception
- Comprehension
Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle
© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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Communication Disorders and Communication Differences
- Disorders
- Significant difficulties in formulation, transmission, reception and/or comprehension.
- Compared to those with same language, dialect and cultural background.
- Differences
- When an individual’s communication pattern differs substantially from those of the person or persons with whom he or she is communicating.
Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle
© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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Disorders of Language
- Definition
- Significant breakdown in the linguistic system that has an impact on one or more of the following domains: semantics, syntax, morphology, phonology, or pragmatics.
- Affects children and adults
- Reading disabilities
Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle
© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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Disorders of Speech
- Articulation and phonological disorders
- Fluency disorders
- Voice disorders
- Motor speech disorders
Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle
© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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Hearing Loss
- Sensorineural hearing loss
- Conductive hearing loss
- Auditory processing disorder
Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle
© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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Disorders of Feeding and Swallowing
- Pediatric feeding and swallowing problems
- Adult dysphagia
Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle
© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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What Careers Are Available in the Field of Communication Sciences and Disorders?
- Speech-Language Pathology
- Audiology
- Speech, Language, and Hearing Scientists
- Allied Professions
- Special Educators
- Occupational Therapists
- Otorhinolaryngologists
- Neurologists
- Pediatricians
- Psychologists