Communication Disorders Help

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Chapter1_FundamentalsofCommunicationScienceandDisorders.ppt

Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Laura M. Justice and Erin E. Redle © 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 1
Fundamentals of Communication Sciences and Disorders

Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle

© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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Focus Questions

What is communication?

How does communication relate to language, speech, and hearing?

What is a communication disorder?

What careers are available in the field of communication sciences and disorders?

Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle

© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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Heart of Life’s Experiences

  • Chances are someone you know has a communication disorder.
  • How would your life differ if you had a communication disorder?
  • If you, yourself, have a communication disorder, how would your life change if you did not have the disorder?

Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle

© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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What is Communication?

  • The process of sharing information between two or more persons.
  • “The transmission of thought or feelings from the mind of a speaker to the mind of the listener” (Borden, Harris, & Raphael).

Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle

© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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Purposes, Players and Processes

  • Purposes
  • To request
  • To reject
  • To comment
  • Players
  • A sender
  • A receiver
  • Processes
  • Formulations
  • Transmission
  • Reception
  • Comprehension

Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle

© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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Modalities

  • Describes the manner in which information conveyed via communication is transmitted and received.
  • Speech (most common)
  • Sign Language
  • Read, Write
  • Gestures, pictures, and facial expressions

Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle

© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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Model of Communication

  • Feedback
  • Why is it important?
  • Types
  • Linguistic feedback
  • Nonlinguistic or extralinguistic feedback
  • Paralinguistic feedback

Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle

© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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The Purpose Of Communication

  • Communication Functions
  • Instrumental Communication
  • Regulatory Communication
  • Interactional Communication
  • Personal Communication
  • Heuristic Communication
  • Imaginative Communication
  • Information Communication

Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle

© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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Effective Communication

  • Principles
  • Principle of Quantity
  • Principle of Quality
  • Principle of Relevance
  • Principle of Manner

Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle

© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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How Does Communication Relate to Language, Speech, and Hearing?

  • Language, speech, and hearing are:
  • The essential ingredients of human communication.
  • Used for the formulation, transmission, reception, and comprehension of information using spoken channels.

Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle

© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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Language

  • Definition
  • Describes the cognitive process by which we formulate ideas and thoughts.
  • Socially shared code that used a conventional system of arbitrary symbols to represent ideas about the world that are meaningful to others.

Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle

© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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Remarkable Features of Language

  • Universality
  • Species Specificity
  • Productivity
  • Rate of Acquisition

Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle

© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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Language Domains

  • Ways to examine language
  • Content
  • Form
  • Use

Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle

© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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Elements of Domain System

  • Semantics
  • Syntax
  • Morphology
  • Phonology
  • Pragmatics

Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle

© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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Speech

  • Definition
  • The neuromuscular process that allows humans to express language as a vocal product.
  • Systems Involved
  • Respiration
  • Phonation
  • Articulation

Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle

© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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Building Blocks of Effective Speech

  • Breathstream
  • Voice
  • Articulation
  • Fluency

Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle

© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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Hearing

  • Definition
  • The perception of sound; audition involves specifically the perception of speech.
  • Sound Fundamentals
  • Creation of sound by source
  • Vibration of air particles
  • Reception by ear
  • Comprehension by brain

Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle

© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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What is a Communication Disorder?

  • Normal And Disordered Communication
  • Communication Disorders And Communication Differences
  • Classification Of Communication Disorders

Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle

© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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Normal and Disordered Communication

  • A disorder is present when a significant difficulty in one or more of these aspects of communication is present.
  • Formulation
  • Transmission
  • Reception
  • Comprehension

Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle

© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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Communication Disorders and Communication Differences

  • Disorders
  • Significant difficulties in formulation, transmission, reception and/or comprehension.
  • Compared to those with same language, dialect and cultural background.
  • Differences
  • When an individual’s communication pattern differs substantially from those of the person or persons with whom he or she is communicating.

Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle

© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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Disorders of Language

  • Definition
  • Significant breakdown in the linguistic system that has an impact on one or more of the following domains: semantics, syntax, morphology, phonology, or pragmatics.
  • Affects children and adults
  • Reading disabilities

Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle

© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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Disorders of Speech

  • Articulation and phonological disorders
  • Fluency disorders
  • Voice disorders
  • Motor speech disorders

Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle

© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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Hearing Loss

  • Sensorineural hearing loss
  • Conductive hearing loss
  • Auditory processing disorder

Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle

© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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Disorders of Feeding and Swallowing

  • Pediatric feeding and swallowing problems
  • Adult dysphagia

Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Clinical Evidence-Based Approach, 3e Justice and Redle

© 2014, 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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What Careers Are Available in the Field of Communication Sciences and Disorders?

  • Speech-Language Pathology
  • Audiology
  • Speech, Language, and Hearing Scientists
  • Allied Professions
  • Special Educators
  • Occupational Therapists
  • Otorhinolaryngologists
  • Neurologists
  • Pediatricians
  • Psychologists