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Chapter 5

Protective Barriers

Effective Physical Security

Fourth Edition

The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science

Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language of the Computer

Overview

Protective barriers form perimeter of controlled, limited, and exclusion areas
Natural protective barriers—terrain features (mountains and deserts, cliffs and ditches, etc.)
Structural protective barriers—human-made devices (fences, walls, floors, roofs, etc.)

#5 Protective Barriers

The University of Adelaide, School of Computer Science

Chapter 2 — Instructions: Language of the Computer

Overview

Important benefits in physical security:
Create a psychological deterrent
Delay or prevent passage
Direct impact on number of security posts needed and frequency of use

Overview

Considerations for type of structural barrier
Weighing cost of completely enclosing area against threat and cost of alternate security
Sizing restricted area based on degree of compartmentalization required

Overview

Barrier size should be kept to a minimum consistent with operational efficiency
Restricted area size driven by likelihood of tactics that may be used
Example: Protecting area from vehicle bomb

Overview

Establish protective barriers for:
Controlling vehicle/pedestrian traffic flow
Entry control points for ID checks
Precluding visual compromise
Delaying forced entry
Protecting individual assets

Overview

Temporary limited or exclusion area can be established with temporary barriers
Barriers may not be needed in limited or exclusion areas or integrated with other controls
Inspect and maintain barriers at least weekly.

Perimeter Entrances

Should be designated to maintain full control without delaying traffic
Enough entrances to accommodate peak flow
Adequate lighting for inspection
During nonduty hours:
Lock gates
Illuminate during darkness
Roving patrol

Entry-Control Stations

At main perimeter entrances where security personnel are present
Construction and use based on info outlined in USACE STD 872-50-01
Located as close as practical to perimeter entrance to allow constant surveillance

Entry-Control Stations

Additional considerations:
Establish holding area for unauthorized vehicles
Establish control measures (window decals, specially marked vehicles)

Entry-Control Stations

If manned 24 hours:
Interior and exterior lighting
Interior heating
Glassed area for adequate observation
If needed, design for optimum personnel ID and movement control
Should have telephone and radio

Entry-Control Stations

Signs to:
Assist in controlling authorized entry
Deter unauthorized entry
Preclude accidental entry
Should d be plainly displayed and legible

Entry-Control Stations

Should be hardened against attack, using methods such as:
Reinforced concrete or masonry
Steel plating
Bullet-resistant glass
Sandbags (two layers in depth)
Bullet-resistant building components

Internal Barriers

Barriers—psychological deterrents allowing unauthorized access
Physical barriers—control entry points and complement security program and officers
Examples: Turnstiles, access control

Internal Barriers

Functions of structural/natural barriers:
Define protection area boundaries
Delay—slow traffic or access
Direct access to garages, parking lots, etc.
Deny unauthorized access

Internal Barriers

Designing security and layout of site:
Can begin with either exterior or interior
If begun on outside:
Main lines of defense—perimeter barriers on outer edge of property
Second line of defense—exterior of building
Third line of defense—interior

Internal Barriers

Passive Structural Barriers
Jersey barriers
Large boulders or rocks
Large, round cement stones
Fences
Gates
Bollards at entrances

Active Structure Barriers
Hydraulic bollards
Motor-operated lift-arm gates
Pop-up wedges
All geared to control traffic at entrances and exits

Barrier Planning

Remember (con’t):
Walls more expensive than fences/other components
Fences/walls provide only limited delay.
For substantial protection, combine a fence/wall with security lighting, intruder detection system, etc
Perimeter should be short as possible.
Emergency gates for safe evacuation

Barrier Planning

Remember (con’t):
Perimeters should run in straight lines between corner posts.
Drains/culverts should be protected.
Ground on both sides of a perimeter barrier should be cleared.

Barrier Planning

Remember (con’t)
Sterile zone protected by a double fence may be required
Security guard force to support perimeter
Exterior emergency phones connected to security officer’s desk
Barriers are deterrents.

Fence Standards

Perimeter fence/wall should meet requirements of local planning/licensing authorities.
More than 7 feet high
Concrete fence posts with 3 strands of barbwire on top, embedded in concrete curb
45-degree angle point up and outward

Fence Standards

If value of site assets high or if a known risk, consider augmenting fence with:
Security lighting
CCTV
Intruder detection system
Security guard fence

Types of Security Fences

In ascending order of effectiveness:
Industrial security chain-link fence
Standard anti-intruder chain-link fence
Standard steel palisade fence
High-security steel palisade fence
Power fencing
Upgraded palisade fences