POWERPOINT DUE IN 48 HOURS

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Chapter 20 Disseminating Evidence Through Presentations, Publications, Health Policy Briefs, and the Media

Importance of Dissemination

Primary goal of dissemination is to facilitate transfer and adoption of research findings into clinical practice or disseminate results from evidence-based practice and evidence-based quality improvement projects.

Dissemination

Builds cache of evidence available for discovery

Increases chance of translation of evidence into practice

Increases quality of care through informing evidence-based decision making

Essential Information Needed Prior to Planning a Podium/Oral Presentation

Analyze your audience:

Who are they? What’s their background? How many?

Assess the technology capabilities/resources:

AV equipment available? Recording the presentation? Access to internet? Microphone? Tech support on hand?

Plan the content:

Length and format of presentation? Content to be addressed? Expectations? Handouts?

BOPPPS Model for Presentation Development

BOPPPS is an interdisciplinary model for developing presentations. It’s based on audience analysis and conference purpose.

Bridge

Objectives

Pretest

Participatory learning

Post test

Summary

Developing a Great Slide Presentation

Present a minimal amount of material on each slide

Use bullet points

Timing: one slide for every 30 to 60 seconds

Font: size- 24 to 32; type should be consistent throughout

Photographs or graphics enhance presentations

Test use of multimedia within the presentation on site; have a “plan B” in case it doesn’t work!

Converting the Presentation to Publication

Dissemination is incomplete until you convert your presentation into a publication.

Plan time for multiple drafts/revisions.

Goal: submit manuscript for publication within 90 days of oral presentation.

Question #1

Which of these strategies is the best advice to podium speakers who are using slide presentations?

Use several different fonts and font sizes throughout the presentation

Present as much written material as possible on each slide

Vary the slide background from slide to slide

Change slides not less than every 30 seconds

Answer to Question #1

D. Change slides not less than every 30 seconds

Rationale: Changing slides faster than every 30 seconds does not give the audience an opportunity to process the content. Alternately, presenting too much content on one slide usually means that font size needs to decrease and less white space is seen, which makes reading difficult. Varying slide backgrounds and font types and sizes between slides is distracting to audiences.

Disseminating Through Panel Presentations

Panel is usually made up of a moderator and panelists

Provides a mechanism to share different perspectives on the topic

Effective way to disseminate information/experiences/perspectives from various professions, clinical sites

Both formal and informal formats can be utilized

A Panelist’s Dos and Don’ts

Responsibilities of Moderator: Preparing for the Panel Presentation

Before the Panel Presentation:

Prepare an overview of the panel’s purpose, brief biographical introductions of panelists, and their evidence-based topic

Speak with panelists individually to obtain information about their presentation and expertise

Serve as a liaison for exchanging logistic information

Assure that panelists’ remarks meet the session

Responsibilities of the Moderator During a Panel Presentation

Disseminating Through Roundtable Presentations

Informal way to disseminate information to small groups

Typically 6–12 people

More informal, conversational atmosphere

Allow for group discussion about practical application of content

Need suitable room; often AV equipment not available

Use printed handouts if necessary

Disseminating Evidence Using Poster Presentations

Allows more interaction between presenter and participants

Allows dissemination of preliminary research data or evidence reviews

Posters presentations are:

Usually displayed for longer periods of time

Less intimidating for presenters

Better for visual learners

Plan for:

Poster creation

Printing

Transportation

Disseminating Evidence to Small Groups #1

Evidence-Based Grand Rounds

Designed for clinicians to speak directly to their colleagues

In person or internet-based grand rounds

Evidence-Based Clinical Rounds

Smaller in scope than grand rounds

Used to present finding from unit- or department-level EBP projects back to the other members of the unit/department

Disseminating Evidence to Small Groups #2

Brief Consultations

Informal

“Hallway consultations”

On-the-ground approach to facilitate discussion

Digitizing Evidence Communications

Utilizing technology can be very effective in disseminating information to a targeted audience

Podcasts

Videocasts

Webinars

Social media

Disseminating Evidence at Hospital/Organizational and Professional Committee Meetings

In preparing, consider:

What is the composition of the audience?

What do they know about the topic?

How much time do I have?

Remember—

Time is tight

Stick to the key points

Anticipate latecomers

Anticipate questions the group might have

Disseminating Evidence Through Journal Clubs

Evolved over the years

Held in a variety of settings

Provides opportunity for clinicians to share and learn

Typically led by an advanced-level clinician who understands research design, methods, statistics, but may be led by faculty mentor or trainee

On-site journal clubs

Online journal clubs

Responsibilities of the Journal Club Leader

Before the Journal Club:

Decide how the article is going to be chosen

Disseminate the article and information about location/time to participants

Secure the site

During Journal club:

Clearly communicate the purpose and expectations

Use open-ended questions to facilitate discussion

Actively listen

Avoid the appearance of preferences or bias

Monitor the flow of discussion to stay on topic

Question #2

Journal clubs are an effective mechanism for enhancing which of the following aspects?

Clinician’s ability to conduct research studies

Building expertise and confidence in reading and appraising research studies

Identifying patient preferences

Helping participants better understand how to write PICO(T) questions

Answer to Question #2

B. Building expertise and confidence in reading and appraising research studies

Rationale: Participation in a journal club helps build expertise and confidence in reading and appraising research studies. Journal clubs are not focused on writing PICO(T) questions, build clinicians skills on producing primary research nor directly address patient preferences.

Steps in Disseminating Evidence Through Publication

Find a mentor or collaborate on a joint writing project with experienced author(s)

Generate the general concept/idea

Decide what type of publication the idea would best fit

Plan and organize the manuscript outline

Adopting a positive attitude

Select a journal (see next slide)

Develop the content following publisher’s guidelines!

Develop a timeline for completion of manuscript sections, including literature review

Proofread the manuscript before submitting it

Questions to Ask in Selecting the Right journal for Publication

Is the journal peer-reviewed?

What is the journal’s impact factor?

What is the profile of the journal’s readership?

What is the turnaround cycle for review?

What is the “in-press” period (time between acceptance and publication)?

What are the technical specifications?

Is the journal an open or closed access journal?

Are there specific reporting guidelines for selected manuscripts?

It’s critical to follow the journal’s guidelines for authors when preparing your manuscript!!

Question #3

Which of the following areas is the least important to address when choosing a journal for a manuscript submission?

The readership profile of the journal

Whether the article will have an accompanying commentary

The lag time between manuscript acceptance and its publication

The average length of time it takes for peer review

Answer to Question #3

B. Whether the article will have an accompanying commentary

Rationale: The readership profile is important to know, as this will determine whether there is a good “fit” between journal and manuscript. Turnaround times for review and between acceptance and publication are important, as clinically relevant research results should be disseminated as quickly as possible to support practice changes. If the manuscript submitted is well supported by evidence and/or has a sound research design, then whether or not a commentary will accompany it should not matter.

Disseminating Evidence to Influence Health Policy

Health policy briefs allow opportunity to provide evidence to inform policy creation Should be

Succinct

Written in language that legislators can understand

Examples of topics of policy briefs

Health care financing

Quality and safety of patient outcomes

Risk/benefit analysis of cost reduction alternatives

Human resource needs

Working With the Media to Disseminate Evidence #1

The basics:

Always engage your public relations or marketing department before engaging with the media

Have a clear and newsworthy message that is easy to understand

Know the audience you intend to reach

Formulate a plan

Develop a “pitch”; make your case quickly why a reporter should cover your story

Working With the Media to Disseminate Evidence #2

When working with media, DON’T:

Use scientific jargon

Wait for hours to return calls; call back immediately

Expect a story to name every contributor

Assume the reporter is familiar with your project or discipline

Dictate the “proper” angle to take

Talk about only the positive aspects; discuss the challenges or limitations as well

Don’t ask to see a copy of the story before it is published

Do It Yourself (DIY) Opportunities to Disseminate

Write an Op-Ed or Commentary

Follow publication guidelines

Show thought leadership and expertise

Short (typically 500–800 words)

Disseminate using Social Media

Question #4

There are many opportunities to disseminate your work through various media. Which of the following is likely to reach the largest audience?

Podium presentation at a large conference

Poster presentation at a large conference

Publication in a peer-reviewed journal

News story

Answer to Question #4

C. Publication in a peer-reviewed journal

Rationale: Although presentations at large conferences (both podium and poster) and having the news do a story on your work are exciting and offer opportunity to reach a large audience, publication in a peer-reviewed journal provides you the best opportunity to disseminate to the largest audience for many years to come.