karweek12Case Study, Chapter 19, Technology in Health Care: Opportunities, Limitations, and Challenges

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Chapter 19 Technology in Health Care: Opportunities, Limitations, and Challenges

Pros and Cons of Technology

Pros

Cost cuts

Improved patient outcomes

Streamlined workflow

Improved information accessibility

Cons

Can be costly and require almost limitless training

Continually brings new ethical dilemmas

Technological Advances Addressed

Biometrics

Point-of-care testing (POCT)

Computerized data access/entry

Electronic health records (EHRs)

Telehealth

Physician/provider computer order entry (PCOE)

Clinical decision support systems

Genetics/genomics

Select Technology Advances in Health Care

Biomechatronics

Creates machines which replicate or mimic how the body works

Applied biomechatronics

Uses mathematical models to design assistive devices that work with bodily signals

Future biomechatronics examples

Functional simulation of paralyzed limbs, pancreas pacemakers for diabetics, wireless capsule endoscopy, mentally controlled electronic muscle stimulators for patients with brain injuries

Robotics

Surgical robotics

Robots in diagnostics

Robots as direct care providers

Physical service

Mental service

Robots as couriers

Used for mundane repetitive jobs

Biometrics

Science of identifying people through physical characteristics

Fingerprints

Most common type used in health care

Handprints

Retinal scans

Voice recognition

Facial structure

Dynamic signatures

Smart Cards and Smart Objects

Smart cards

Credit card-sized devices with a chip, stored memory, and an operating system that records patient history

Smart objects

Everyday objects injected with easy-to-use software that give devices some degree of intelligence

Caregiver alerting systems

Smart pumps

Point-of-Care Testing (POCT)

Hospital use

Caregivers gather and test specimens near the patient or at the bedside using handheld analyzers, pulse oximeters, and blood glucose monitoring systems

Results are sent to a central clinical labs

Patients can precisely monitor lab values, submit them electronically to the lab, and have results in minutes

Bar Code Medication Administration

Ensures the “five rights” of medication administration

Leapfrog Group

Established standards that call for hospitals to implement a bar code medication administration (BCMA) system linked to an electronic medication administration record

Computing and Communication

Computerized Physician/Provider Order Entry (CPOE)

Clinical software application designed for providers to write patient orders electronically

CPOE also gives providers vital clinical decision support (“CDS”)

Challenges

Cultural obstacles

Cost factor

Variance within the order sets is needed

Clinical Decision Support and Artificial Intelligence

Clinical decision support

Enhances health-related decisions and actions with pertinent, organized clinical knowledge and patient information to improve health and health care delivery

Artificial intelligence

Common uses

Future uses

Electronic Communication

Tablet personal computers

Personal digital assistants (PDAs)

Wireless local area networking (WLAN)

Electronic Health Records

Digital record of a patient’s health history

Made up of records from many locations/sources

Available 24 hours/day, 7 day/week

Built in safeguards to assure patient health information confidentiality and security

Virtual Care/Telehealth

Remote monitoring technology

Telemedicine

Telenursing

Telecare

Telehomecare

telemanagement

E-health

Telephone care

Desired Patient Outcome for Telehealth

Patient satisfaction

Increased involvement in health care decision-making

Reduced travel time and expense

Increased time with health care providers

Improved health care

Improved quality of life

Increased medical record data for clinical decision making

The Internet

Expanded the power and control of health information from providers alone to patients themselves

Has enormous potential to improve Americans’ health by enhancing communication and improving access to information for patients, providers, administrators, etc.

Resulted in the creation of the “expert patient”

Concerns regarding accuracy and currency of information patients find on the Internet

Genetics and Genomics

National Human Genome Research Institute (2017) definition

Emerging medical discipline

Involves using genomic information about an individual as part of their clinical care

Will help prevent or treat diseases now considered untreatable

Benefits of genetic testing and ethical questions

Question of privacy of patient data

Technology: Worth the Cost?

New medical technology is responsible for 40% to 50% in annual cost increases

Many health care disparities exist based on the ability to pay for technology

Has caused increased demands on the health care system from a growing population of senior citizens

Technology needs constant upgrades and education needed for competency with it

Not all health care providers embrace technology

End of Presentation