aviation Security 5
Tomm.
chapter_04.pptChapter 4
The Role of Government in Aviation Security
*
Introduction
*
ICAO recommends each nation should have a national government organization charged with providing internal national security
US – Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Introduction
Providing internal national security for aviation, customs and immigration, protecting the U.S. president, specific federal facilities, and the U.S. coastline.
Responding to major natural disasters or terrorist attacks is also a security related responsibility of the DHS.
*
DHS oversees Transportation Security Administration (TSA)
*
TSA regulates transportation security
TSA provides direction to airports and aircraft operators on compliance with federal regulations
TSA conducts screening at most U.S. airports
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Introduction
TSA regulates transportation security in the United States, which includes rail, trucking, shipping, and aviation.
*
Transportation Security Regulations (TSRs)
*
Part 1500:
Aviation Security
Part 1503:
Enforcement Actions
TSR Part 1500 contains general terms and abbreviations associated with transportation
security regulations.
Part 1503 covers enforcement and the process for opening and prosecuting a case against a regulated party.
*
Violations can be of minimum, moderate, or maximum severity
Fines per incident for:
Aircraft operators $2,500 to $25,000
Airports and cargo agents $1,000 to $10,000
Individuals $250 to $7,500
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Part 1503: Enforcement Actions
TSA regulates transportation security in the United States, which includes rail, trucking, shipping, and aviation.
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Part 1503: Enforcement Actions
| Individuals | Airport Operators | Aircraft Operators | Air Cargo |
| Entering sterile areas without being screened | Failure to ensure Airport Security Coordinator (ASC) fulfills duties | Refusal to carry Federal Air Marshals | Failure to produce a copy of the security program |
| Failure to undergo secondary screening when directed | Failure to train ASCs | Failure to pay security fees | Failure to supply certification to the aircraft operator |
| Improperly entering SIDAs or AOAs | Failure to allow TSA to inspect an airport | Failure to prevent unauthorized access to secured area or to aircraft | Failure to meet requirements for accepting cargo from an all-cargo carrier with an approved security program at a station(s) where cargo is accepted or processed |
| Improper use of access media. | Failure to carry out a security program requirement | Failure to comply with requirements for carriage of an accessible weapon by an armed law enforcement officer | Failure to transport cargo in locked or closely-monitored vehicles |
| Failure to notify TSA of changes in the security program |
TSA regulates transportation security in the United States, which includes rail, trucking, shipping, and aviation.
*
Part 1520:
Sensitive Security Information
Part 1520 addresses the control and handling of security sensitive information (SSI).
*
Common types of SSI documents at an airport are:
Airport Security Program (ASP)
Security directives (SD)
Information circulars (IC)
*
DHS nondisclosure
Form 11000-6
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Part 1520: Sensitive Security Information
Other airport tenants, vendors and contractors should receive desensitized ASP
Participant manuals
*
Part 1540:
General Operations
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Part 1540: General Operations
Terminology of aviation security and individual accountability
Security responsibilities of employees and others
Interference with screeners or any aviation employee with security duties
Carriage of weapons and explosives onboard and in checked baggage
Inspection of FAA airman and medical certificates
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Part 1540: General Operations
Part 1540.103
Prohibits individuals from falsifying an application or any other record related to the issuance of security access media
Requires anyone who has passed a CHRC and is subsequently arrested for a disqualifying crime to report this to the issuing agency
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Part 1540: General Operations
Part 1540.105
Requires travelers and aviation employees to conform to security regulations
Prohibits individuals from tampering with airport access control systems or illegally entering airport security areas
Following 9/11, made trespassing within airport security areas a federal crime
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Part 1540: General Operations
Part 1540.107
Requires individuals to submit to airport screening before entering sterile areas
Part 1540.109
Protects against interference with screening personnel and extends to any aviation employee with security responsibilities
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Part 1540: General Operations
Part 1540.111
Specifies it is a violation to have a prohibited item, once screening has begun, while in sterile areas or when attempting to board or be onboard an aircraft
Prohibits the carriage of loaded firearms in checked baggage
Prohibits the carriage of explosives and incendiaries
Requires firearms to be declared to air carrier during baggage check-in
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Part 1540: General Operations
Part 1540.113
Grants TSA personnel the right to request examination of the pilot’s airman certificate (pilot’s license) and required FAA medical certificate
*
How Regulations Are Changed
*
Security Directives
Notices of proposed rulemaking
Amendments to airport and air carrier security programs
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM)
In Emergencies, regulations
can be drafted and immediately
implemented
*
Changing an Airport or Air Carrier Security Program
*
1542.105
Approval and Amendments
Amendments are generally permanent changes to the program
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Changing an Airport or Air Carrier Security Program
If an airport or air carrier desires to amend its security program, it will draft the proposed change and
*
Temporary Amendments
Airfield Construction
Emergency exercises
*
Many airport and air carrier operators draft security programs to meet minimum standards TSA will allow, but then exceed the standard in actual operating practices
*
In the 25 years preceding 9-11, there were a handful of significant amendments to aviation security regulations
*
The TSA can issue emergency amendments to security programs
*
“Changed Condition Affecting Security,” - 1542.107
Occurs when a security problem causes an airport or air carrier to go out of compliance with its security program and temporary measures cannot be implemented to maintain it
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Changed Conditions Affecting Security
*
Intelligence and Intervention
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Intelligence and Intervention
DHS manages security intelligence and intervention strategies
In US, TSA and FBI disseminate aviation security information to airports and airlines that enables them to implement precautionary security measures
*
U.S. intelligence agencies and military services conduct most of nation’s intelligence gathering and early intervention related to aviation security
However, intelligence analysts are always careful to note that there is a distinction between information and intelligence, and the even more evasive actionable intelligence, which is information that enables U.S. military or law enforcement assets to take action on (arrest, or capture/kill).
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Intelligence and Intervention
Intelligence Cycle
Planning and Direction
Collection
Processing and Collation
Analysis and Production
Dissemination
Failure to review and analyze international or any off-airport security issue is negligent aviation security management
Planning and direction focuses on intelligence and law enforcement agencies on a particular direction or threat(s). Collection includes the collection of relevant information about the threat, from a variety of sources, which could include the Department of Defense, the Department of Justice, DHS, other federal agencies such as the National Geospatial Intelligence Agency, the CIA, FBI, DEA, and state, local and tribal organizations. Processing and Collation attempts to take multiple pieces of information from these sources and put them together to form a better picture of terrorist or criminal activity. Analysis and Production includes preparing reports to disseminate back to the intelligence and law enforcement agencies, and Dissemination is the process of distributing the information to those entities.
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Intelligence and Intervention
Types of intelligence
Signals Intelligence (SIGNT)
Imagery Intelligence (IMINT)
Measurement and Signature Intelligence (MASINT)
Human-Source Intelligence (HUMINT)
Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT)
Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT)
Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) is the exploitation of electronic emissions information, which is derived from four sources, electronic, communications, foreign and weapons-related command and control signals.
Imagery Intelligence (IMINT) is the product of processing raw images, in the form of pixels, digits, or other forms, and the attempt to determine the time, date, place that the imagery was obtained.
Measurement and Signature Intelligence (MASINT) is scientific and technical intelligence (metrics, angles, spatial, wavelenth, etc) derived from sensors to detect identifying distinctive features associated with the source.
Human-Source Intelligence (HUMINT) is derived from human beings who may be both sources and collectors of information, either by direct observation and the use of recruited agents and in some cases, interrogation.
Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT) is unclassified information of potential intelligence value and is open to the general public.
Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT) is intelligence derived from imagery and geospatial information of physical features and geographically referenced activities on Earth (typically associated with satellite gather information).
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Intelligence and Intervention
Intelligence available to the consumer
Current intelligence
Estimative intelligence
Warning intelligence
Research intelligence
Scientific and technical intelligence
Current intelligence: day-to-day events, new developments, related background and an assessment of their significance to warn of near-term consequences.
Estimative Intelligence: sees to assess potential developments that could affect U.S. national security, begins with facts, then explore the unknown and the unknowable.
Warning Intelligence: sounds an alarm or gives policy makers notice - urgent in nature and implies the need for action or response. Security Directives are intended for Warning Intelligence.
Research Intelligence: presented as in-depth studies as an underpinning to current and estimative intelligence.
Scientific and technical intelligence: information on technical developments and characteristics, performance and technical capabilities of weapons and security systems.
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Intelligence and Intervention
Controlled Unclassified Information – FOUO
Intelligence – improves decision making, warn of potential threats
Direct access vs. indirect access
Sources: contact, collaborative, established, walk-in or sensitive
"Controlled Unclassified Information," refers to information that does not meet the standards for National Security Classification under EO 12958, but is pertinent to the national interests of the U.S., and under law or policy requires protection from unauthorized disclosure - typically this type of information is referred to as FOUO, For Official Use Only.
Intelligence can improve decision making, while hindering our enemies decision-making, it can warn of potential threats, provide insight into current events, provide better situational awareness, provide long-term assessments on issues of on-going threats, provide pre-travel security overview and support and provide reports on specific topics based on need.
There are two types of access, direct vs. indirect: Direct access means the intelligence source has direct knowledge of the fact or appears to be in the direct contact with those knowledgeable. Indirect access means there is some distance between the source and the origin of the information.
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Intelligence and Intervention
High, Moderate, Low
National Terrorist Screening Center (NTSC) is a single database of identifying information about those known or reasonably suspected of being involved in terrorist activity.
No-Fly and Selectee List
High Confidence generally indicates the IC's judgments are based on high-quality information. Moderate Confidence generally means that the information is interpreted in various ways or that the information is credible, plausible but not sufficiently corroborated to warrant a higher level of confidence. Low Confidence generally means the information is scant and difficult to make solid analytic inferences or that the IC has significant concerns with the sources.
The vision of the NTSC is to be the global authority for watchlisting and identifying known and suspected terrorists.
The NTSC is a single database of identifying information about those known or reasonably suspected of being involved in terrorist activity.
*
Aviation security practitioners must pay attention to intelligence related to noncriminal or terrorist threats that could jeopardize the aviation system
Avian flu
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Intelligence and Intervention
Airports are lifelines to outside world during disasters
Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, 2005
Vehicle bombing of Alfred P. Murrah federal building Oklahoma City, 1995
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Intelligence and Intervention
Aviation Safety and Security Act of 1996:
Airport operators required to have a consortium of aviation security and law enforcement professionals who meet regularly to share information and develop strategies to mitigate or prepare for possible incidents
Boston/Logan Airport
“8:30 am meeting”
*
Airport security practitioners should maintain high levels of awareness with respect to global aviation security
*
Fusion Centers, TLO’s and Infragard
Through the Fusion Centers and the Terrorism Liaison Officer Program, airport operators have new pathways to access relevant threat information and keep up on existing and potential threats.
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Fusion Centers, TLO’s and Infragard
Fusion centers provide interdisciplinary expertise and situational awareness to inform decision-making at all levels of government.
DHS launched the "If You See Something, Say Something™"
Located in states and major urban areas throughout the country, fusion centers are uniquely situated to empower front-line law enforcement, public safety, fire service, emergency response, public health, critical infrastructure protection, and private sector security personnel to understand local implications of national intelligence, thus enabling local officials to better protect their communities.
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Fusion Centers, TLO’s and Infragard
Terrorism Liaison Officer (TLO) functions as the principle point of contact for a public safety agency in matters related to terrorism information.
Infragard is an information sharing and analysis effort serving that combines the knowledge base members.
A Terrorism Liaison Officer (TLO) functions as the principle point of contact for a public safety agency in matters related to terrorism information.
Airport managers and airport security coordinators are eligible to become TLOs.
TLOs are a vital link in keeping those engaged in public safety professions aware of current terrorist tactics, techniques, and practices.
TLOs are typically contacted when suspicious activities are witnessed that could potentially be related to terrorism.
Infragard is an information sharing and analysis effort serving that combines the knowledge base members. InfraGard is a partnership between the FBI and the private sector and incorporates an association of businesses, academic institutions, state and local law enforcement agencies, and other participants dedicated to sharing information and intelligence to prevent hostile acts against the United States.
*
Domestic and Regional Aviation Security
Aircraft operators conduct flights throughout domestic and regional areas (those areas more than a mile beyond the geographical boundary of an airport).
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Domestic and Regional Aviation Security
Aircraft security practitioners should understand that threat levels can vary within United States, Mexico, and Canada
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Domestic and Regional Aviation Security
Primary layers of government security organizations and agencies at domestic and regional levels
Department of Homeland Security
U.S. Northern Command
FBI
TSA
State agencies
Individual states have developed their own law enforcement, intelligence-gathering, and emergency response capabilities.
*
North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD)
U.S. and Canadian organization charged with the aerospace warning and aerospace control for North America.
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD)
The NORAD-U.S. Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) Command Center:
Central collection and coordination facility for a worldwide system of sensors designed to provide the commander and the leadership of Canada and the United States with an accurate picture of any aerospace threat
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD)
Established after 9-11 to provide command and control of DOD homeland defense efforts and to coordinate defense support of civil authorities
Civil support mission includes:
Domestic disaster relief operations that occur
during fires, hurricanes, floods and earthquakes
Counterdrug operations
Managing the consequences of a terrorist event
employing a weapon of mass destruction
*
Department of Homeland Security
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Department of Homeland Security
Established in January 2003
Homeland Security Act of 2002
Prevent terrorist attacks in US, reduce country’s vulnerability to terrorism, and assist in recovery after an attack
Combines 22 separate government agencies
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Department of Homeland Security
Comprised of directorates responsible for the following:
- Managing border and transportation security assets used to prevent terrorists from entering US
2. Protecting air, land, and sea transportation systems
3. Enforcing immigration laws
4. Managing emergency preparedness and response
5. Coordinating the federal government’s response to terrorist attacks and major disasters
6. Assisting in recovery efforts
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Department of Homeland Security
7. Employing science and technology personnel overseeing efforts to protect US from chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear attacks
8. Funding research related to homeland security
9. Gathering and analyzing intelligence information from federal, state, and local agencies in order to detect terrorist threats or vulnerabilities in the country’s infrastructure
10. Enhancing nuclear detection efforts of federal, state, territorial, tribal, and local governments
11. Aiding the private sector in developing coordinated responses to security threats
*
Transportation Security Administration (TSA)
*
Mission:
Prevent terrorist attacks and to protect U.S. transportation network
Initial Responsibility:
Take over airline screening
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Transportation Security Administration (TSA)
In addition to screening and regulatory compliances, TSA oversees numerous other programs, which include the following:
Federal Air Marshal Program
National Explosives Detection Canine Team Program
Training and certification of federal flight deck officers (FFDO)
Crew Member Self-Defense Training Program
Armed Security Officers Program
Office of Training and Development
*
Risk Management
Based on conducting a risk analysis, then allocating funding and resources to those areas with the highest risk of attack or the areas where an attack would create catastrophic damage.
Acknowledges that not all life and infrastructure can be completely protected all the time.
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Transportation Security Administration (TSA)
Behavior detection officers (BDO)
Bomb assessment officers (BAO)
Aviation Direct Access Screening Program (ADASP)
Visible Inter-Modal Protection and Response (VIPR)
*
Federal Security Director (FSD)
The TSA is represented at the local level by the federal security director (FSD).
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Federal Security Director (FSD)
FSD employed by TSA, reports to TSA headquarters
Ensure airport and aircraft operators within their jurisdiction follow regulations and oversee airport security screening operations
Provides daily operational direction for federal security at airports
Operational authority over security-screening workforce
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Federal Security Director (FSD)
Operationally, handles all incoming intelligence and disseminates it to Airport Security Coordinator (ASC)
Has the authority to stop aircraft and airport operations
Has the authority and responsibility to make decisions on behalf of the TSA
*
Preside over three departments:
Compliance
Operations
Business Management
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Federal Security Director (FSD)
Assistant Federal Security Director (AFSD)
Regulatory inspection, responsible for compliance
Screening, responsible for operations
Heads operations department, includes security-screening workforce
Business management department, standard business functions
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Federal Security Director (FSD)
Transportation Security Inspectors (TSIs):
Conduct ongoing audits of airport and aircraft operator security programs and procedures
Open cases and investigate alleged violations of security regulations
Act as liaisons to airport and aircraft operator security coordinators
Provide briefings and guidance on industry issues and policy changes
Conduct reviews of the various security programs
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Federal Security Director (FSD)
Expert Transportation Security Officer (ETSO), Bomb Appraisal Officers (BAO)
ETSO-BAO build simulated explosive devices
Advanced alarm resolution
Subject matter expert liaison
ESTO – BAO are charged with finding effective ways to share their expertise and real-world experience with the TSO workforce.
BAO’s build simulated explosive devices and run them through the screening process to show TSOs what terrorists are doing and what they are capable of.
*
TSA’s Office of Intelligence
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
TSA’s Office of Intelligence
Provide threat information to transportation community
Coordinates and shares information
Supporting TSA’s risk-based security strategy
Intelligence Watch and Outreach Division
Field Intelligence Officers (FIOs)
TSA developed an Office of Intelligence (OI) to provide threat information to the transportation community. OI was mandated by ATSA and further revised by the Homeland Security Act to receive, assess, and distribute intelligence information related to transportation security; assess threats to transportation; develop policies, strategies, and plans for dealing with threats to transportation security; [and] act as the primary liaison for transportation security to the intelligence and law enforcement communities.
The OI consists of the Intelligence Watch and the Outreach Division, which functions as a 24-hour watch and the Current Intelligence and Assessments Division, which functions as an analysis center tracking current and emerging threats across all modes of transportation.
TSA employs Field Intelligence Officers (FIOs) to analyze incoming threat information, serve as the principal advisor to FSDs on intelligence matters, develop and maintain working relationships with federal, state, local, and private entities responsible for transportation security.
*
Federal Air Marshals
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Federal Air Marshals
The mission of the federal air marshal (FAM) program is to:
“Promote confidence in our Nation’s civil aviation system through the effective deployment of Federal Air Marshals to detect, deter, and defeat hostile acts targeting U.S. air carriers, airports, passengers and crews”
*
FAMs detect, deter, and defeat hostile acts against U.S. air carriers, passengers and crews.
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Federal Air Marshals
Dress as normal travelers to blend in with their surroundings
Carry firearms
Authorized to use lethal force in protection of flight deck from terrorist takeover
Ammunition used by air marshals is designed to stop when it hits an individual
Must meet highest firearm standards of any federal agency
Assigned to certain high-risk flights based on a variety of intelligence information and other classified factors
Perform a variety of other duties including surveillance at airports
*
Special Programs
Federal Flight Deck Officer
Crew Member Self Defense
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Special Programs
FFDO - Eligible flight crew members authorized to use firearms
Trained by Federal Air Marshal Service
Crew Member Self Defense - basic self defense tactics
Under the FFDO program, eligible flight crewmembers are authorized by TSA to use firearms to defend against acts of criminal violence or air piracy attempting to gain control of an aircraft.
The program teaches basic self-defense tactics that can be executed in the confines of an aircraft cockpit or cabin, and additional techniques to use “on the street.”
*
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Part of the role of the FBI is to protect and defend the United States against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats.
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Called whenever there is destruction of a commercial aircraft
Extensive history of involvement in domestic and international terrorist actions
FBI’s Aviation Program provides key investigative resources to 56 FBI field offices
FBI Airport Liaison Agent (ALA) point-of-contact for airport and aircraft operator security personnel
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Federal Bureau of Investigation
During security incidents at airports or on aircraft under jurisdiction of US, FBI has jurisdictional authority—not the TSA
The FBI “special jurisdiction” onboard aircraft includes begin and end the moment when all doors closed after boarding until they are reopened
The FBI “special jurisdiction” onboard aircraft includes begin and end the moment when all doors closed after boarding until they are reopened.
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF)
Critical Incident Response Group (CIRG)
Crisis Negotiations Unit
George Bush Strategic Information Operations Center (SIOC)
Hostage Rescue Team (HRT)
*
Terrorist Information System (TIS)
300,000+ individuals
3,000 organizations
Part of the role of the FBI is to protect and defend the United States against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats.
*
What should airport authorities do when the FBI arrives at an airport in response to a security incident?
Access resources
Have a few agents at the airport ICC to act as liaisons, however FBI prefers to coordinate their activities from another location
Arrange for a separate room to conduct hostage negotiations
Arrange for staging areas for tactical response teams, escorts, equipment, and access to air traffic control tower
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Federal Bureau of Investigation
*
Customs, Immigrations, and Agricultural Enforcement Agencies
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Customs, Immigrations, and Agricultural Enforcement Agencies
Immigration and Customs Enforcement
ICE
Investigations arm of DHS
Customs and Border Protection (CBP)
Combines elements of former US Customs and US Immigration, Animal and Plant Health Inspection and US Border Patrol
*
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Customs, Immigrations, and Agricultural Enforcement Agencies
Staff customs and immigration checkpoints
Conduct animal and plant health inspections
Manage the Advance Passenger Information System (APIS)
*
Other Federal Agencies
*
U.S. Secret Service
Charged with the protection of president and certain other dignitaries
*
US Marshal Service (USMS)
Primary missions are apprehension of fugitives, protection of federal witnesses, protection of federal judges, and transportation of federal criminals
Marshals may track and arrest fugitives on airport property or conduct investigations on passengers or employees at airport
Justice Prisoner and Alien Transportation System (JPATS)
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Other Federal Agencies
*
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
Conduct frequent investigations on the transshipment of narcotics and narcotic traffickers using commercial and general aviation aircraft
Has an aviation division
Conduct surveillance operations at GA airports
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Other Federal Agencies
*
State Aeronautical Agencies
Exist in all 50 states
*
May serve in an advisory or regulatory capacity over airports within their state and often have a role in advising or distributing financial grants to airport operators
Each state varies in organization structure
Provide other services for airports and pilots
Most participate at some level in annual capital improvement funding of airports
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
State Aeronautical Agencies
*
Local Law Enforcement
*
Local law enforcement agencies receive and sometimes develop their own intelligence information
*
State and local law enforcement, greater assistance to airport and aircraft operators than federal agencies
Development of local intelligence and sharing of that intelligence through FBI’s Joint Terrorism Task Forces (JTTF) are important to overall security of the community and the airports and airlines that serve it
Investigations and arrests of individuals suspected to be engaged in terrorist or criminal activities can provide additional information contributing to antiterrorist efforts
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Local Law Enforcement
*
U.S. Regulation Title 49 CFR Parts 1542.215 and .217 Law Enforcement Personnel and Support
Commercial service airports are required to maintain either a law enforcement presence or ability for law enforcement personnel to respond in case of a security incident
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Local Law Enforcement
*
Exact number of LEOs determined on a case-by case basis
Smaller commercial service airports have fewer LEO requirements
Airports with limited LEO requirements may only have a response time for LEOs to arrive on scene
Exact response times are considered SSI
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Local Law Enforcement
*
LEO presence at screening checkpoints is thought to deter potential criminal or terrorist activity
Airports must also have enough LEO personnel to respond to foreseeable incidents
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Local Law Enforcement
*
The minimum law enforcement requirements for LEOs with airport responsibilities are as follows:
Have arrest authority
Identifiable by appropriate indicia of authority
Armed with a firearm and authorized to use it
Have completed a training program that meets the requirements for law enforcement officers
Airports are required to maintain the LEO training records until 180 days after departure of that particular LEO
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Local Law Enforcement
*
U.S. Regulation Title 49 CFR Part 1542.219
When an airport operator cannot meet minimum law enforcement staffing levels for his or her commercial service airport, operator can request TSA to authorize staffing from either TSA or another federal or authorized agency
Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4
Local Law Enforcement
*
Conclusion
*
