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Chapter_04_Painting.pptxThe Humanities Through the Arts Tenth Edition
Lee A. Jacobus │ F. David Martin
(NOTE: Pay particular attention to terms in italicized red font)
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Chapter 4
Painting
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Introduction
Painting
Makes us see color, shape, light, and form
Sometimes we are dulled with day-to-day experiences or distractions.
Painting makes us refresh our awareness and sharpen our attention.
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The Media of Painting
Media is material used to create a painting.
Examples: tempera, fresco, oil, watercolor, acrylic
Pigment is the actual color.
Binder is material such as egg yolk, glue, or casein to keep pigment in solution and allow it to stick onto board, canvas, plaster, or other substances.
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The Media of Painting: Tempera
Tempera is pigment bound by egg yolk and applied to carefully prepared surface.
It can look flat, but artists can achieve precision details.
Colors remain pure over the years.
One example is Giotto’s Madonna Enthroned, c. 1310. (image to the right)
Fig. 4-2
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The Media of Painting: Fresco, Oil
Fresco
Pigment is applied to wet plaster as it is drying.
Unforgiving as a medium (it is hard to change mistakes).
One of the finest examples is found in the Sistine Chapel (painting on the right).
Michelangelo’s Creation of Adam, c. 1508-12
Oil
Pigment is mixed with some type of oil.
Very flexible and forgiving as a medium.
Parmigianino’s Madonna with the Long Neck, c. 1535
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The Media of Painting: Watercolor, Acrylic
Watercolor
Pigment is water-soluble and translucent.
As in fresco painting, watercolors must be worked with quickly because they dry quickly.
Fine detail is hard to achieve.
Acrylic
Plastic resin that dries quickly
Does not fade, darken, or yellow with age
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Elements of Painting, 1
Line outlines the shapes and contours.
Closed line is hard and sharp.
Open line is soft and blurry.
Axis lines draw the eye in a certain direction.
Color
Hue is the name of the color.
Primary: red, yellow, and blue
Secondary: mixtures of primary colors into green, orange, purple
Tertiary color: every thing else
Saturation is the purity, vividness, and intensity of a hue.
Value is the lightness or darkness of a color.
Complementary colors are opposite each other on the color wheel.
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Elements of Painting, 2
Texture
How brushstrokes make a painting “feel”; can be smooth, rough, bumpy, or ridged.
Composition
The ordering of relationships among details, regions, and total structure.
Balance: equilibrium of opposing visual forces
Gradation: continuum of changes in details and regions
Movement and rhythm: the pace of action in a painting
Proportion: scaling sizes and shapes
Unity: the togetherness of details and regions as a whole
Variety: contrasts of details and regions
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Elements of Painting, 3
Spaces and shapes
Perspective: how illusion of depth is used
Linear perspective: slanting lines inward to replicate how the human eye perceives depth
Fig. 3-2. Leonardo da Vinci’s Last Supper.
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Abstract Painting
Nonrepresentational because it seems to have no subject matter
Sensa: Visual qualities of line, color, texture, space, shape, light, shadow, volume, and mass are enjoyed for their own sake.
Usually a viewer gets no sense of a timeframe or movement constraints.
Intensity and restfulness are conveyed by abstract painting.
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Representational Painting
It holds still, but has a sense of time because it actually represents people, places, or things.
It furnishes the sensuous world with objects and events.
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Five Impressionist Paintings
Claude Monet, Impression, Sunrise, 1873
Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Luncheon of the Boating Party, 1881
Mary Cassatt, Autumn (Profile of Lydia Cassatt), 1880
Edouard Manet, A Bar at the Folies-Bergére, 1873
Childe Hassam, Summer Evening. 1886
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Frames
Photographs of paintings in the textbook do not usually include their frames.
Frames should harmonize and enhance rather than dominate.
How does a frame affect our enjoyment of a painting?
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Wrap-Up of the Chapter: Terms to Remember
Terms
Painting
Media
Binder
Tempera
Fresco
Oil
Watercolor
Acrylic
Closed line
Open line
Axis line
Terms
Color
Saturation
Values
Texture
Composition
Space, shape
Perspective
Abstract painting
Sensa
Representational painting
Impressionist school
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