Medical Terminology

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Chapter 3
Suffixes

Learning Objectives

Define new suffixes and review those presented in previous chapters.
Gain practice in word analysis by using these suffixes with combining forms to build and understand terms.
Identify the functions of the different types of blood cells in the body.

Chapter 3
Lesson 3.1

SUFFIXES AND
TERMINOLOGY

NOUN SUFFIXES

-algia pain

-cele hernia

-centesis surgical puncture to remove fluid

-coccus berry-shaped bacterium

-cyte cell

Suffix Meaning

Refer to page 76 for terms using these suffixes

HERNIA

Protrusion of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it

See page 82 for more information.

A Hernia is Protrusion of an organ or the muscular wall of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it.

CYSTOCELE

when part of the urinary bladder herniates through the vaginal wall.

RECTOCELE

protrusion of a portion of the rectum toward the vagina

AMNIOCENTESIS

Withdrawal of the fluid that surrounds the embryo for culture and karyotyping

When is an amniocentesis usually performed?

Streptococcus and Staphylococcus: Bacteria that grow in chains or clusters

What is the difference between streptococcus and staphylococcus?

What is an abscess?

What are the different types of hernias?

When is an amniocentesis usually performed?

NOUN SUFFIXES

-dynia pain

-ectomy excision, removal

-emia blood condition

-genesis condition of producing, forming

-gram record

Suffix Meaning

SUFFIXES AND
TERMINOLOGY

Refer to page 76-77 for terms using these suffixes

NOUN SUFFIXES

-graph instrument for recording

-graphy process of recording

-itis inflammation

-logy study of

-lysis breakdown, destruction, separation

Suffix Meaning

SUFFIXES AND
TERMINOLOGY

Refer to page 77 for terms using these suffixes

NOUN SUFFIXES

-malacia softening

-megaly enlargement

-oma tumor, mass, collection of fluid

-opsy to view (under a microscope)

-osis condition, usually abnormal

Suffix Meaning

SUFFIXES AND
TERMINOLOGY

Refer to page 77-78 for terms using these suffixes

NOUN SUFFIXES

-pathy disease condition

-penia deficiency

-phobia fear

-plasia development, formation, growth

-plasty surgical repair

Suffix Meaning

SUFFIXES AND
TERMINOLOGY

Refer to page 78-79 for terms using these suffixes

QUICK QUIZ:

1. Which term means fear of heights?

A. Acromegaly

B. Hydrophobia

C. Acrophobia

D. Agoraphobia

Correct Answer is C, Acrophobia

NOUN SUFFIXES

-ptosis drooping, sagging, prolapse

-sclerosis hardening

-scope instrument for visual examination

-scopy process of visual examination

-stasis stopping, controlling

Suffix Meaning

SUFFIXES AND
TERMINOLOGY

Refer to page 77-78 for terms using these suffixes

NOUN SUFFIXES

-stomy opening to form a mouth (stoma)

-therapy treatment

-tomy incision, cutting into

-trophy development, nourishment

Suffix Meaning

SUFFIXES AND
TERMINOLOGY

Refer to page 79-80 for terms using these suffixes

SHORTER NOUN SUFFIXES

-er one who

-ia condition

-ist specialist

-ole little, small

-ule little, small

-um, ium structure, tissue

-us structure, substance

-y condition, process

Suffix Meaning

SUFFIXES AND
TERMINOLOGY

Refer to page 80 for terms using these suffixes

QUICK QUIZ:

5. Which is the smallest of blood vessels?

A. Arteries

B. Venules

C. Capillaries

D. Arterioles

Correct Answer is C, capillaries are the tiniest of blood vessels. See page 88 appendix P for more information.

ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES

-ac, iac pertaining to

-al pertaining to

-ar, ary pertaining to

-eal pertaining to

-genic pertaining to producing, produced by or in

Suffix Meaning

SUFFIXES AND
TERMINOLOGY

Refer to page 80-81 for terms using these suffixes

ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES

-ic, ical pertaining to

-oid resembling

-ose pertaining to, full of

-ous pertaining to

-tic pertaining to

Suffix Meaning

SUFFIXES AND
TERMINOLOGY

Refer to page 81 for terms using these suffixes

Build Terms with Suffixes and Combining Forms

Combining Forms +

Suffix

arthr/itis

blephar/o/ptosis

isch/emia

oste/o/genic

staphyl/o/cocci

Meaning

Inflammation of joint

drooping eyelid

loss of normal blood flow

produced by bone tissue

berry-shaped bacteria that grow in clusters

What is Streptococcus?

What are other berry-shaped bacteria?

Anemia: Reduction in the number of erythrocytes or amount of hemoglobin in the circulating blood
Ischemia: Loss of normal blood flow to a part of the body
Tonsillitis: Infected and inflamed tonsils (lymphatic tissue in the back of the throat)

What is the literal meaning of anemia?

How are anemias classified?

What is aplastic anemia?

What happens to tissue that becomes ischemic?

Acromegaly: An endocrine disorder marked by excessive amount of growth hormone after the completion of puberty
Splenomegaly: Enlargement of the spleen
Leukocytosis: An elevation in the numbers of normal white blood cells in response to an infection

What usually causes the excessive amount of growth hormone found in acromegaly?

What is the spleen composed of, and what is its function?

What is the difference between leukocytosis and leukemia? What do their suffixes mean?

Achondroplasia: A type of dwarfism characterized by short limbs, a normal-sized head and body, and normal intelligence
Blepharoptosis: Drooping eyelids
Laparoscopy: Visual examination of the abdomen using a laparoscope

Laparoscope – a lighted telescopic instrument

What causes achondroplasia?

How is the suffix -ptosis pronounced?

What are the specific uses of laparoscopy?

Arteriole: Small arteries (arteries carry blood rich in oxygen from the heart to the organs)
Adenoids: Lymphatic tissue in the pharynx near the nose and nasal passages

What is the literal meaning of adenoids?

What may happen if adenoids become enlarged?

QUICK QUIZ:

4. Which term means inflammation of tonsils? (watch spelling!)

A. Tonsilitis

B. Tonsillitis

C. Tonsillectomy

D. Tonsilectomy

Correct Answer is B, tonsillitis. Although the term tonsil has only one “l”, the combining form has a double letter “l”. “ITIS” means inflammation. Choice A is incorrect because it has only one “l”.

Blood Cell Types

Erythrocytes

Leukocytes

Thrombocytes

Red Blood cells

White Blood cells

Clotting cells

What is hemoglobin? What purpose does it serve?

Blood Cell Types

1. Erythrocytes

Red Blood Cells
Made in bone marrow
Carry oxygen from lungs to all body cells
Hemoglobin: blood protein

What is hemoglobin? What purpose does it serve?

Blood Cell Types (cont’d.)

2. Leukocytes

White blood cells
Five different kinds of leukocytes, divided into two categories
Granulocytes
Mononuclear leukocytes

What is the distinction between granulocytes and mononuclear leukocytes?

An easy way to remember the names of the five leukocytes is: Never (neutrophil) Let (lymphocyte) Monkeys (monocyte) Eat (eosinophil) Bananas (basophil).

Blood Cell Types (cont’d.)

Granulocytes – three types

Eosinophils
Basophils
Neutrophils

Formed in the blood marrow

Eosinophils – active and elevated in allergic conditions such as asthma

Basophils – play a role in inflammation

Neutrophils – important disease-fighting cells

What do the prefixes for each type reflect?

What are some other names for neutrophils?

Blood Cell Types (cont’d.)

Mononuclear Leukocytes – two types

Lymphocytes
Monocytes

Lymphocytes – fight disease by producing antibodies that destroy foreign bodies

Monocytes – engulf and destroy cellular debris after neutrophils have attacked foreign cells

What are two types of lymphocytes?

What are macrophages?

Blood Cell Types (cont’d.)

3. Thrombocytes

Also known as platelets
Tiny fragments of blood cells that are formed in the marrow
Necessary for blood clotting

TYPES OF BLOOD CELLS

QUICK QUIZ:

2. Which type of blood cells are necessary for clotting?

A. Erythrocytes

B. Granulocytes

C. Monocytes

D. Thrombocytes

Correct Answer is D, thrombocytes, which are actually tiny fragments of cells formed in the bone marrow and necessary for blood clotting.

Pronunciation

ā as in āpe
ē as in ēven
ī as in īce
ō as in ōpen
ū as in ūnit

ă as in ăpple
ĕ as in ĕvery
ĭ as in ĭnterest
ŏ as in pŏt
ŭ as in ŭnder

Pronunciation (cont’d.)

Examples:

acute ă-KŪT

basophil BĀ-sō-fĭl

ischemia ĭs-KĒ-mē-ă

paracentesis pă-ră-cĕn-TĒ-sĭs

Are all students clear on the differences in short and long vowel sounds?