speech ch 9
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Ch9PresentationAids.pptxChapter 9 Presentational Aids
SPEAK
© 2011 Cengage Learning
In this chapter, you will learn about various types of presentational aids, criteria you should consider when choosing them, which and how many presentational aids to use, ways you can create aids, methods for displaying your aids to the audience, and guidelines for using them effectively when you are speaking.
5/27/2014 4:21 PM
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.
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The mind is
© 2011 Cengage Learning
To learn anything fast and effectively, you have to see it, hear it and feel it.
~Tone Stockwell
Learning Outcomes:
1. Why should you incorporate presentational aids into your speech?
2. What are some types of presentational aids you can choose from?
3. What are some common mistakes speakers make when constructing and using presentational aids?
What are some important considerations to keep in mind when choosing presentational aids?
What are some important considerations to keep in mind when preparing presentational aids?
What are some important considerations to keep in mind when presenting with your presentational aids?
Action Step 5 - Choose, Prepare, and Use Appropriate Presentational Aids
Consider presentational aids that will clarify, emphasize, or dramatize your message.
Use another symbol system (beyond words alone) in your message.
Make sure your visual aids are large enough to be seen.
Make sure your audio aids are loud enough to be heard.
Plan when to use aids and integrate them during your speech.
5/27/2014 4:21 PM
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.
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Types of Presentational Aids
Visual aids
Audio aids
Audiovisual aids
Sensory aids
© 2011 Cengage Learning
A presentational aid is any visual, audio, audiovisual, or other sensory material used by the speaker in a speech.
Presentational aids offer many benefits. They allow you to adapt to an audience’s level of knowledge by clarifying and dramatizing your verbal message. They also help audiences retain the information they hear.
In addition, presentational aids allow you to address the diverse learning styles of your audience. They can also increase the persuasive appeal of your speech.
Finally, using presentational aids may help you to feel more competent. Speakers report that, when they use presentational aids, they tend to be less anxious and have more confidence.
Types of Presentational Aids:
Visual aids: actual objects, models, photos, drawings and diagrams, maps, charts, graphs
Audio aids: music clips, recorded conversations, nature sounds
Audiovisual aids
Sensory aids
5/27/2014 4:21 PM
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.
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Visual Aids
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Actual objects
Models
Photos
Diagrams
Maps
Charts and graphs
Visual Aids:
Actual objects are inanimate or animate physical samples of the idea you are communicating. Using them allows audience members to see precisely what you are talking about. Inanimate objects make good visual aids if they are (1) large enough to be seen by all audience members, (2) small enough to carry to the site of the speech, (3) simple enough to understand visually, and (4) safe.
A model is a three-dimensional scaled-down or scaled-up version of an actual object that may be simplified to aid understanding. In a speech on the physics of bridge construction, a scale model of a suspension bridge would be an effective visual aid.
If an exact reproduction of material is needed.
Photographs can be excellent visual aids. When choosing photographs, be sure that the image is large enough for the audience to see and that the object of interest in the photo is clearly identified and, ideally, in the foreground.
Diagrams, maps, charts, and graphs are discussed in further detail on the following slides.
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Exhibit 9.1 Diagrams
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Simple drawings and diagrams (a type of drawing that shows how the whole relates to its parts) are easy to prepare and can be effective because you can choose how much detail to include.
This exhibit is a diagram of the human body and its pressure points.
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Exhibit 9.2 Map
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Like drawings and diagrams, maps are relatively easy to prepare or find on the Internet. Simple maps allow you to orient audiences to landmarks (mountains, rivers, and lakes), states, cities, land routes, weather systems, and so on.
This exhibit shows a map that focuses on weather systems.
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Exhibit 9.5 Pie Chart
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A pie chart is a diagram that shows the relationships among parts of a single unit. Ideally, pie charts have two to five “slices,” or wedges—more than eight wedges clutter a pie chart.
This pie chart shows the percentage of total calories that should come from the various components of food .
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Exhibit 9.6 Bar Graph
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A graph is a diagram that presents numerical comparisons. A bar graph is a diagram that uses vertical or horizontal bars to show relationships between two or more variables.
This exhibit illustrates a bar graph that compares the amounts of caffeine found in one serving each of chocolate, coffee, tea, and cola.
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Exhibit 9.7 Line Graph
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A line graph is a diagram that indicates changes in one or more variables over time.
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Audio Aids
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Audio aids enhance a verbal message through sound. They are especially useful when it is difficult to describe a sound in words.
Some audio aids can be presented “live” (e.g., playing a trumpet, strumming a guitar). You can also use recorded excerpts from various sources, which may convey information better than your describing the material or reading it as a quotation.
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Audiovisual Aids & Sensor Aids
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Audiovisual aids
Sensory aids
You can use audiovisual aids such as short clips from films and videos to demonstrate concepts or processes and to expose audiences to important people. They are relatively easy to access on Internet sites such as YouTube.
Sensory aids can also be used to effectively enhance your speech. For example, a speech about perfume might benefit from allowing listeners to smell scented swatches as you describe the scent.
Audiovisual Aids & Sensor Aids:
Audiovisual aids enhance the verbal message through sight and sound.
Sensory aids appeal to smell, touch, and taste.
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Choosing Presentational Aids
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Answers to these questions can help you decide what content you want to highlight with presentational aids and which aids would best help you meet your goals.
Choosing Presentational Aids:
What are your most important ideas?
Are your ideas complex or difficult to explain verbally?
Is some of your important information boring?
How many presentational aids should you use?
How large is your audience?
Are your presentational aids easy to use & transport?
Will you have the necessary equipment readily available?
Do you have sufficient time to show the aid without having it overtake the speech itself?
Is your time involved in making or getting the presentational aid & equipment cost-effective?
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Preparing Presentational Aids
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Limit amount of text & use print style that is easy to read
Customize presentational aids
Utilize photo, print or type size that can be easily seen; volume & sound quality that can be easily heard by entire audience
Make your information aesthetically pleasing to look at
Add pictures or other visual symbols to add interest
Use color strategically
Use presentation software to prepare professional-looking presentational aids.
However simple you plan to make your presentational aids, remember that you still need to take the time to design and produce them carefully. Finding the data you need and preparing the actual aids will take time.
You must also determine whether you will design your aids by hand or by using presentation software. If you are artistic, can print clearly, and work neatly, then hand-designed aids would be a good choice. If you are comfortable using software, then this method may be more efficient.
Regardless of the method you choose, these guidelines can help you prepare effective presentational aids.
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Exhibit 9.8 A cluttered & cumbersome visual aid
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The visual aid in this exhibit contains a lot of important information, but notice how unpleasant it is to the eye. This visual aid ignores all the principles we’ve discussed in the chapter.
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Exhibit 9.9 An simple but effective visual aid
© 2011 Cengage Learning
By contrast with the previous exhibit, the visual aid shown in this exhibit is much more effective. The focus has been sharpened by emphasizing the key words (reduce, reuse, recycle), highlighting the major details, and adding clip art for a professional touch.
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Methods for Displaying Presentational Aids
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Posters
Whiteboards
Flipcharts
Handouts
Document cameras
CD/DVD players and LCD projectors
Computerized slide shows (PowerPoint)
Once you have decided on the specific presentational aids for your speech, you will need to choose the method to display them. Methods for displaying aids vary in the type of preparation they require, the amount of specialized training needed to use them effectively, and the professionalism they convey.
Methods for Displaying Presentational Aids:
Posters
Whiteboards
Flipcharts
Handouts
Document cameras
CD/DVD players and LCD projectors
Computerized slide shows (PowerPoint)
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Guidelines for Using Presentational Aids
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Plan carefully when to use presentational aids
Position presentational aids & equipment before you begin your speech
Show or play presentational aids only when talking about them
Talk about the visual aid while showing it
Talk to your audience, not to the presentational aid
Display visual aids so that everyone in the audience can see them
Avoid passing objects around the audience
Many speakers think that once they have prepared good presentational aids, they will have no trouble using them in the speech. However, many speeches with good aids have failed because the speaker neglected to practice with them. You will want to make sure that you practice using presentational aids in your speech rehearsals.
Other guidelines for using presentational aids effectively in your speech are given here.
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© 2011 Cengage Learning
The soul never thinks without a picture.
~Aristotle
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