Report

Leadership Studies:

· Trait Perspective - characteristics of effective leaders

. Intelligence

. Enthusiasm

. Domiancne

. Self Confidence

. Social Participation

. Egalitarianism

Functional Perspective:

· Examines leadership as behaviors performed by a group member that may help maximize group effectiveness

Task Leadership

· Initiating

· Coordinating

· Summarizing

· Elaborating

Process Leadership

· Releasing tension

· Gatekeeping

· Encouraging

· Mediating

Situational Perspective

- adapting style to context

Leadership Styles

· Authoritarian

. Leader makes all policy decision

· Democratic

. Try to involve members in decisions

. Laissez-Faire

. Complete freedom for the group

. Policies are a matter of group discussion

These leaders “strive to change, elevate, and unify the goals of followers as well as inspire them to pursue challenging and shared objectives.”

· Four defining characteristics

. Idealized leadership - seeks to create an inspiring vision of how things can be

. Inspirational motivation - ability to stir followers to action

. Intellectual stimulation - ability to engage followers in challenging the status quo and assumptions about processes

. Individual consideration - ability to be supportive and to nurture each individual's positive attributes, qualities, and strengths in support of greater good

Transformational Leadership:

· Change organization by aligning culture with new vision

· Building shared vision

· Surfacing & testing mental models

· Systems thinking

Emergent Leadership in Small Groups

· Minnesota Studies (Ernest Bormann) - Who is most likely to emerge as the perceived leader of a leaderless discussion group?

. Leaders emerge through a method of residues (Group members are rejected for role of leader until only one remains)

. First eliminated - quit ones who do not actively participate

· Task motivated group members

. Rejected a contender too concerned about feelings to be decisive

· Process oriented

. Reject those they saw that are too concerned