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Chapter Five: Nonverbal Messages

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 Explain the principles that identify the ways in which nonverbal communication functions

 Use appropriate and effective types of nonverbal communication

 Use appropriate nonverbal communication based on gender and culture

Chapter Five Goals

 Nonverbal communication conveys more meaning than verbal communication

 Liars avoid eye contact  Studying nonverbal communication will

enable you to detect lying  Unlike verbal communication, nonverbal

communication is universal throughout the world

 When verbal and nonverbal messages contradict each other, it’s wise to believe the nonverbal

Which of the following statements do you think are true?

Principles of Nonverbal Communication

 Interacts with verbal messages  Helps manage impressions  Helps form relationships  Structures conversation  Influences and deceives  Expresses emotions

Channels of Nonverbal Communication: Body Communication

Body Movements  Emblems  Illustrators  Affect displays  Regulators  Adaptors

 “OK” sign Emblem

 Hands far apart when talking of something large Illustration

 Expressions of happiness Affect display

 Hand signaling “slow down” Regulator

 Scratching your head Adaptor

Cultural Meanings of Gestures

Body Appearance  Height/weight  Race/nationality  Attractiveness

Facial Communication

 Happiness  Surprise  Fear  Anger

 Sadness  Disgust  Contempt  Interest

Facial Management

 Techniques that allow you to express feelings while achieving desired effects: – Intensifying – Deintensifying – Neutralizing – Masking – Simulating

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

 Facial expressions influence levels of physiological arousal.

 Research indicates it is more likely to increase feelings of sadness

 Will not replace an emotion

Eye Communication

 Duration of eye contact  Eye avoidance  Civil inattention  Eye messages vary with both gender and

culture

Spatial Communication

Proxemic Distances:  Intimate space: 0 – 18”  Personal space: 18” – 4’  Social space: 4’ – 12’  Public space: 12’ and beyond

Skill Development Experience: Sitting at a Company Meeting

Territoriality

“Possessiveness of primary, secondary, or public space”

 Central markers: Reserves a space  Boundary markers: Sets space

between your space and others’  Earmarkers: Identifies one’s

possessions

Artifactual Communication

“Communicating through objects and arrangements”

 Color  Clothing and body adornment  Space decoration  Smell communication

Meanings of Touch  Positive emotions  Playfulness  Control  Ritual  Task-related

Touch Communication

Touch Avoidance

 People avoid touch for a number of reasons: – Communication apprehension – Age – Gender

 Many factors enter into a person’s willingness to touch and be touched by others

Paralanguage

 Rate, volume, pitch, and rhythm of speaking  Vocal dimensions of speech  Judgments about people  Judgments about communication

effectiveness

Functions of Silence

 Time to think, prepare  Signal importance of a message  Used as a weapon  Behavior/response to personal anxiety  Communicate emotional responses  Nothing to say

Time Communication

 Time orientation  Monochronic time orientation  Polychronic time orientation  Social clock

Culture, Gender, and Nonverbal Communication

 Gestures  Facial expression and eye movements  Colors  Touch  Paralanguage and silence  Time

Decoding Nonverbal Messages  Be tentative  Be mindful of

judgments  Consider all

message channels

 Be aware that you could be wrong

 Consider cultural conditions

Encoding Nonverbal Messages

 Keep verbal and nonverbal messages consistent

 Monitor your own nonverbal messages  Avoid extremes and monotony  Consider the situation

End Show

Chapter Five Goals
Which of the following statements do you think are true?
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Channels of Nonverbal Communication: Body Communication
PowerPoint Presentation
Cultural Meanings of Gestures
Body Appearance
Facial Communication
Facial Management
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
Eye Communication
Spatial Communication
Skill Development Experience: Sitting at a Company Meeting
Territoriality
Artifactual Communication
Touch Communication
Touch Avoidance
Paralanguage
Functions of Silence
Time Communication
Culture, Gender, and Nonverbal Communication
Decoding Nonverbal Messages
Encoding Nonverbal Messages
End Show