operational assignment

School of Computer & Information Sciences

ITS-631 Operational Excellence

Chapter 4 – Information Systems for Business and Beyond (2019)

Learning Objectives • Describe the differences between data, information, and

knowledge; • Describe why database technology must be used for data resource

management; • Define the term database and identify the steps to creating one; • Describe the role of a database management system; • Describe the characteristics of a data warehouse; and • Define data mining and describe its role in an organization.

Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom • These terms are used interchangeably but are

different. – Data- raw facts – Information- processed data – Knowledge- relationships among facts/concepts – Explicit –can be expressed into words – Tacit – difficult to transfer via simple

communication – Wisdom – combines knowledge and experience

to obtain a deeper understanding of a topic.

Data and Databases • Big Data

– Large sets of data in which you need to determine the best methods to manage the data

• Databases – Place that houses data – Common defects of data resource management

• No control of redundant data • Violation of data integrity • Relying on human memory to store and search needed data

Data Models and Relational Databases • Databases can be organized in many different ways

– Relational database

Designing a Database • Tables

– The information to be built

• Primary Key

– The unique identifier to link data together in the tables

Normalization and Data Types • Normalization

– Reduces data redundancy – Ensures data integrity

• Data Types – Text – Number – Boolean – Date/Time – Currency – Paragraph Text – Object

Database Management Systems • DBMS provide an interface to view and change the design of the database

• Databases must be used by multiple users to be effective

• Microsoft Access and Open Office Base = examples of personal database-management systems

• Structured Query Language (SQL)- the method to work with structured databases

Value in Business Intelligence and Knowledge Management

• Data Visualization • Data Warehouses • Data Mining and Machine Learning • Don’t forget about privacy and security concerns when

dealing with data • Knowledge Management

– Companies accumulate knowledge and need a method of extracting the data to make informed decisions.

References

• Bourgeous, D., Smith, J., Wang. S., Mortati, J. (2019). Information Systems for Business and Beyond. Retrieved from https://opentextbook.site/informationsystem s2019/.