Assignment 1
mepalacios3
Ch4_IoTFall2022PostedCompandChall1.pptxINST560, Internet of Things (IoT)
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH AMERICA
Lecture 4: Fall 2022
Professor Aliakbar Jalali
1
Internet of Things Components and Challenges
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Topics
Introduction
IoT Components
Challenges on IoT
Major Technology Challenges in IoT
Conclusion
References
2
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Introduction
The Internet of Things operates around Internet and a massive network.
Various components are involved which work together to form an organized system.
In General, there are two major components to the Internet of Things.
An object or a “thing” which you intend to make smart by providing connectivity.
Embedded system which provides this connectivity.
Based on collected data from connected products, autonomous actions are performed by the devices.
Understanding what is an IoT system, along with its various components, helps understand how the Internet of Things works and what are challenges.
3
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Components of an IoT Systems
Actuator
Gateway
+ 5 V
-
GND
Real Word Data
N
Network
Device to device
Device to Server
Server to Server
Communication Protocols
Protocols
Protocol
Protocol
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MkW8TU0jcSk
Sensors
Cloud
Things
Mobile users or WWW
Data Analytic
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MkW8TU0jcSk
4
Components of an IoT Systems
What are the major components of Internet of Things?
Major components of an IoT systems are:
Things or Devices, Sensing and embedding components, Gateway, Cloud, Analytic, user interface plus Connectivity.
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT Component: Smart devices and sensors
Devices and sensors are the components of the device connectivity layer.
These smart sensors are continuously collecting data from the environment and transmit the information to the next layer.
Latest techniques in the semiconductor technology can produce micro smart sensors for various applications.
Common sensors are:
Temperature sensors and thermostats
Pressure sensors
Humidity / Moisture level
Light intensity detectors
Moisture sensors
Proximity detection
RFID tags
6
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT Component: Gateway
IoT Gateway manages the bidirectional data traffic between different networks and protocols.
Another function of gateway is to translate different network protocols and make sure interoperability of the connected devices and sensors.
Gateways can be configured to perform pre-processing of the collected data from thousands of sensors locally before transmitting it to the next stage.
In some scenarios, it would be necessary due to compatibility of TCP/IP protocol.
IoT gateway offers certain level of security for the network and transmitted data with higher order encryption techniques.
It acts as a middle layer between devices and cloud to protect the system from malicious attacks and unauthorized access.
7
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT Component: Cloud
Internet of things creates massive data from devices, applications and users which must be managed in an efficient way.
IoT cloud offers tools to collect, process, manage and store huge amount of data in real time.
Industries and services can easily access these data remotely and make critical decisions when necessary. Basically, IoT cloud is a sophisticated high-performance network of servers optimized to perform high speed data processing of billions of devices, traffic management and deliver accurate analytics.
Distributed database management systems are one of the most important components of IoT cloud.
Cloud system integrates billions of devices, sensors, gateways, protocols, data storage and provides predictive analytics.
Companies use these analytics data for improvement of products and services, preventive measures for certain steps and build their new business model accurately.
8
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT Component: Analytics
Analytics is the process of converting analog data from billions of smart devices and sensors into useful insights which can be interpreted and used for detailed analysis.
Smart analytics solutions are inevitable for IoT system for management and improvement of the entire system.
One of the major advantages of an efficient IoT system is real time smart analytics which helps engineers to find out irregularities in the collected data and act fast to prevent an undesired scenario.
Service providers can prepare for further steps if the information is collected accurately at the right time.
Big enterprises use the massive data collected from IoT devices and utilize the insights for their future business opportunities.
Careful analysis will help organizations to predict trends in the market and plan ahead for a successful implementation.
Information is very significant in any business model and predictive analysis ensures success in concerned area of business line.
9
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT Component: User Interface
User interfaces are the visible, tangible part of the IoT system which can be accessible by users.
Designers will have to make sure a well-designed user interface for minimum effort for users and encourage more interactions.
Modern technology offers much interactive design to ease complex tasks into simple touch panels controls.
Multicolor touch panels have replaced hard switches in our household appliances and the trend is increasing for almost every smart home devices.
User interface design has higher significance in today’s competitive market, it often determines the user whether to choose a particular device or appliance.
Users will be interested to buy new devices or smart gadgets if it is very user friendly and compatible with common wireless standards.
10
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Components of an IoT Systems
Sensing and embedding components: This essential layer consists of physical, micro appliances, embedded in an IoT device, which are responsible for collecting data or controlling a mechanism.
Actuators: Actuators work opposite to that of sensors. While sensors, sense; actuators act.
Connectivity: IoT is a network involving devices, sensors, cloud and actuators and all these needs to interconnect with one another to be able to decipher data and consequently perform an action.
IoT cloud: Once the data has been collected and it has traveled to the cloud, it needs to be processed.
IoT analytics and data management: IoT Analytics is used to make sense of the vast amounts of analog data.
End-user devices and user interface: This is where a user can control the system and set their preferences.
11
https://learn.g2.com/iot-ecosystem
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
What is Things on IoT Systems
A thing, in the context of the Internet of things (IoT), is an entity or physical object that has a unique identifier, an embedded system and the ability to transfer data over a network.
Given the ability of wireless technology, and IPv6 addresses the capacity of THINGS in IoT could be developed for almost anything imaginable, examples like chair, fridge, bike, oven, coffee maker watch, etc..
12
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
What is Things on IoT Systems
Physical things can share and collect data with minimal human intervention.
In this hyperconnected world, digital systems can record, monitor, and adjust each interaction between connected things.
The physical Things meets the digital world in IoT, and they cooperate.
13
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Things on IoT Systems
The Internet of Things (IoT) describes the network of physical objects—“things”, that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet.
14
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Commercial and Industrial IoT Devices
A Sampler of Home Automation IoT Devices
Introduce the following popular IoT devices used in the home and office:
Smart home assistants
Smart thermostats
Smart vents
Smart light bulbs
Smart door locks
Video doorbells
Smoke alarms
Security systems
Irrigation systems
Smart appliances
15
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Commercial and Industrial IoT Devices
A Sampler of Home and Office Automation IoT Devices
16
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Commercial and Industrial IoT Devices
While home automation is a current driver of IoT, industrial IoT products will likely have a greater impact on society.
Industrial IoT (IIoT) uses some of the same technologies as other IoT devices but differs in security, ruggedness, networking, and the types of devices involved.
17
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Commercial and Industrial IoT Devices
Industrial IoT (IIoT) uses some of the same technologies as other IoT devices but differs in many aspects, such as security, ruggedness, networking, and the types of devices involved.
IIoT is used in utilities, energy, healthcare, manufacturing, city infrastructure, and a plethora of other industries.
The use of IoT technologies in industry has been dubbed Industry 4.0
Industry 4.0 makes use of virtualization, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence to create what is called a cyber-physical system (CPS)
Some of the same IoT technologies are used in both home automation and industry
Industrial usage often requires industrial version of sensors because they must hold up under harsh environments, high vibrations, and possibly extreme temperatures
18
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Commercial and Industrial IoT Devices
Industrial IoT Devices
The use of IoT in industry has been dubbed Industry 4.0.
Explain that it makes use of virtualization, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence to create what is called a cyber-physical system (CPS).
Some of the same technologies are used in both industry and home automation, especially environmental sensors such as temperature, humidity, motion, and sound sensors.
19
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Commercial and Industrial IoT Devices
Industrial IoT Devices
Following lists of devices that might be found in industrial applications that aren’t as common as those in home automation:
Actuators
Electric motor
Solenoid
RFID tags
PLCs
IoT gateways
20
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Commercial and Industrial IoT Devices
Types of devices you might find in industrial applications include the following:
Actuators
An actuator is a general category of output device that provides automatic movement, such as turning a valve to open or close a pipe
Electric motor
An electric motor rotates at a particular speed and direction in response to an electrical signal
Stepper motors rotate in a series of steps, providing precise movement
Servo motors provide either partial rotation or continuous rotation
21
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Commercial and Industrial IoT Devices
Types of devices you might find in industrial applications include the following:
Solenoid
A solenoid is a tightly wound coil of wire that creates a strong magnetic field when electricity is applied
RFID tags
RFID tags are attached to objects and are used to identify and track the objects
PLCs
Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are input/output controllers used in assembly lines, robotics, and automated machinery
IoT gateways
IoT gateway devices translate data coming from an IoT network to another type of network
22
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Major Technology Challenges in IoT
Challenges
Security
Reliability
Heterogeneity
Large Scale
Big Data
Legal and Social Aspects
Demand BarriResponseers
Each device which is connected to IoT ecosystem, increases chance of different challenges.
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Major Technology Challenges in IoT
Smart Sensors Challenges
Security Challenges
Privacy Challenges
Connectivity Challenges
Compatibility Challenges
Other Challenges
Smart connectivity: Keeping high privacy and security of all connected devices, Treating big data, Reducing the overall data latency among machine-to-machine interactions, Reducing bandwidth and power consumption and Complexity.
24
https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/69788
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Major Technology Challenges in IoT
Smart Sensors Challenges:
One the most important component of major IoT system is smart sensors.
Industries, food processing, smart farming, retail, storage, healthcare and smart city applications are using smart sensors for data collection.
These sensors must be developed to support specific requirements and reliable real-time operation.
IoT sensors may vary from simple temperature sensors to complex sensors which extracts information from its surroundings.
Design, development and successful implementation of wide range of smart sensors are often challenging task.
25
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Major Technology Challenges in IoT
Security Challenges:
Another major challenge of IoT is the security aspect.
As the IoT system grows, the significance of the security also becomes a big concern.
Simply hacking a household device does not cause much harm compared to shutdown of a power grid which cause power outage to a large geographical area.
Security upgrades are usually implemented by including additional security patches to the OS.
IoT devices and system should support future upgrades / updates as well.
Fatal security failure could happen due insufficient security measures of IoT devices and gadgets when competitors within the industry trying to secure their position in the market.
Since IoT technology has not been standardized, many small scale, medium scale and startups will try their part to become a player in the IoT business without enough security measures.
26
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Major Technology Challenges in IoT
Privacy Challenges:
Personal privacy is a significant factor in any system which collect user information.
IoT devices collect personal information and transmitted via wired or wireless network.
Collected information is stored in a centralized database and used for future needs.
Personal information of the consumer must be protected by avoiding any chances of unauthorized access and hacking.
Sensitive information regarding a user’s habits, lifestyle, health etc. could be misused if unauthorized access of data is possible.
IoT system should meet privacy requirements of each country’s regulations and make sure user privacy is protected.
27
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Major Technology Challenges in IoT
Connectivity Challenges:
Majority of the IoT devices would be connected to a wireless network for its specific requirement and convenience.
There are many wireless transmission technologies used IoT system like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LoRa WAN, SigFox, Zigbee etc. … Each of this system has its own advantages and specifications.
Implementation of multiple technology platforms is challenging for developers since information must be shared between devices and application.
28
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Major Technology Challenges in IoT
Compatibility Challenges:
Like any other emerging technologies, IoT is also growing in different areas to support wide variety of applications.
As it grows faster, competition also increases, and companies try to standardize their technology as industrial standard.
Any extra hardware requirement for compatibility will cause additional investments to the service providers and consumers as well.
IoT devices and networks must be compatible with all conventional transmission technologies.
Compatibility of devices is an important and challenging topic while dealing with wide range of devices, applications, transmission technologies and gateways.
In order to have an efficient IoT infrastructure, technology must be standardized, network protocols, transmission bands, data rate and processing need to be defined and monitored.
29
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Major Technology Challenges in IoT
Other Challenges:
Complexity: IoT is complex due to the wide are of applications. Every system must be designed, tested and implemented according to its specification.
Power: like all other smart system, IoT also requires power for its smart sensors, wireless transmitting devices and gadgets. It must be efficient in terms of power consumptions.
Cloud access: most the IoT will be using a centralized cloud-based process control system. In order to reduce latency and maintain real time connectivity in a cloud base system are challenging.
30
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Three Major Challenges Facing IoT
Technology, Business and Society
Technological Challenges: there are many technological challenges, including Security, Connectivity, Compatibility & Longevity, Standards and Intelligent Analysis & Actions
https://iot.ieee.org/newsletter/march-2017/three-major-challenges-facing-iot.html
31
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT security challenges
Developing a thorough understanding of IoT cybersecurity issues and executing a strategy to mitigate the related risks will help protect your business and build confidence in digital transformation processes.
Significant IoT security challenges are :
Weak password protection
Lack of encryption
Insufficient testing and updating
IoT Malware and ransomware
Lack of regular patches and updates and weak update mechanism
Insecure interfaces
Insufficient data protection
Poor IoT device management
The IoT skills gap
32
https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/markets/digital-identity-and-security/iot/magazine/internet-threats
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT has already turned into a serious security concern that has drawn the attention of prominent tech firms and government agencies across the world.
33
Security Challenge
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
The hacking of baby monitors, smart fridges, thermostats, drug infusion pumps, cameras and even the radio in your car are signifying a security nightmare being caused by the future of IoT.
34
Security Challenge
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
So many new nodes being added to networks and the internet will provide malicious actors with innumerable attack vectors and possibilities to carry out their evil deeds, especially since a considerable number of them suffer from security holes.
35
Security Challenge
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
35
The more important shift in security will come from the fact that IoT will become more ingrained in our lives.
Concerns will no longer be limited to the protection of sensitive information and assets.
Our very lives and health can become the target of IoT hack attacks.
36
Security Challenge
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
There are many reasons behind the state of insecurity in IoT.
Some of it has to do with the industry.
37
Security Challenge
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Society Challenge
Understanding IoT from the customers and regulators prospective is not an easy task for the following reasons:
Customer demands and requirements change constantly.
New uses for devices—as well as new devices—sprout and grows at breakneck speeds.
Inventing and reintegrating must-have features and capabilities are expensive and take time and resources.
38
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Society Challenge
The uses for Internet of Things technology are expanding and changing—often in uncharted waters.
Consumer Confidence: Each of these problems could put a dent in consumers' desire to purchase connected products, which would prevent the IoT from fulfilling its true potential.
Lack of understanding or education by consumers of best practices for IoT devices security to help in improving privacy, for example change default passwords of IoT devices.
39
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Society Challenge
S
E
C
U
R
I
T
y
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Society Challenge
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Society Challenge
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
42
Challenges on IoT: Security
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Security in IoT
Privacy
Keeping the personal information including healthcare data safe
Reduction the risk of violation
Trust
Make a mutual trust among providers and people for data interaction
Data confidentiality
Guarantee that only authorized entities can access and modify data
Connectivity Challenge
As the complexity and collection of the traffic that flows through the networks are continuously growing, the innovation becomes difficult to achieve in both IoT and legacy networks.
IoT application domains from a traffic characteristics perspective is a challenge, specifically traffic characteristics, used network technologies for implementation, and their feasibility as well as challenges.
Key factor in future IoT development is network technologies and the way they handle and forward network traffic.
44
https://dl.acm.org/doi/fullHtml/10.1145/3399669
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Connectivity Challenge
Connecting so many devices will be one of the biggest challenges of the future of IoT, and it will defy the very structure of current communication models and the underlying technologies.
45
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Connectivity Challenge
At present we depend on the centralized, server/client paradigm to verify, authorize and connect different nodes in a network.
46
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Connectivity Challenge
This model is enough for current IoT ecosystems, where tens, hundreds or even thousands of devices are involved.
But when networks grow to join billions and hundreds of billions of devices, centralized systems will turn into a bottleneck.
47
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Connectivity Challenge
Such systems will require huge investments and spending in maintaining cloud servers that can handle such large amounts of information exchange, and entire systems can go down if the server becomes unavailable.
48
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Connectivity Challenge
The future of IoT will very much have to depend on decentralizing IoT networks.
49
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Compatibility and Long-life challenge
IoT is growing in many different directions, with many different technologies competing to become the standard.
This will cause difficulties and require the deployment of extra hardware and software when connecting devices.
50
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Compatibility and Long-life challenge
Other compatibility issues stem from non-unified cloud services, lack of standardized M2M protocols and diversities in firmware and operating systems among IoT devices.
51
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Standards Challenge
One of the most difficult challenges in the IoT evolution is standardization
Without global standards, the complication of machines that need to connect and interact with one another (along with automation, service quality, data repository, and so on) would skyrocket.
The Internet of Things promises lots of interconnected devices, which would necessitate universal standards in order to function at a degree of complexity that is appropriate, scalable, and manageable.
52
https://www.analyticsinsight.net/iot-standardization-why-iot-has-not-set-standards-yet/
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Standards Challenge
In a world dominated by smart devices, security is very important, IoT standardization is necessary to keep security.
Many have proposed that a common model for the Internet of Things could help us solve some of the industry’s current problems.
Laws and limitations can aid in defining the scope of data protection and determining when and how data can be purchased or exchanged.
It can also help to dispel any misunderstandings about collection of data and information manipulation.
53
https://www.analyticsinsight.net/iot-standardization-why-iot-has-not-set-standards-yet/
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Standards Challenge
Technology standards which include network protocols, communication protocols, and data-aggregation standards, are the sum of all activities of handling, processing and storing the data collected from the sensors.
This aggregation increases the value of data by increasing, the scale, scope, and frequency of data available for analysis.
54
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Standards Challenge
Technological Standardization in most areas are still remain disintegrate
Managing and develop rapid innovation is a challenge for governments
Privacy and security
Absence of governance
Vulnerability to internet attack
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Intelligent Analysis & Actions
The last stage in IoT implementation is extracting insights from data for analysis, where analysis is driven by thinking technologies and the accompanying models that facilitate the use of thinking technologies.
56
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Intelligent Analysis & Actions
Factors driving adoption intelligent analytics within the IoT
Artificial intelligence models can be improved with large data sets that are more readily available than ever before, thanks to the lower storage
Growth in crowdsourcing and open- source analytics software: Cloud-based crowdsourcing services are leading to new algorithms and improvements in existing ones at an unprecedented rate.
57
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Other IoT challenges
Deployment challenges in IoT :
Connectivity: It is the foremost concern while connecting devices, applications and cloud platforms.
Cross platform capability: IoT applications must be developed, keeping in mind the technological changes of the future.
It is a challenge for IoT application developers to ensure that the device and IoT platform drivers the best performance despite heavy device rates and fixings.
Data collection and processing: In IoT development, data plays an important role. What is more critical here is the processing or usefulness of stored data.
Lack of skill set: All the development challenges above can only be handled if there is a proper skilled resource working on the IoT application development.
58
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Other IoT challenges
Design challenge in IoT:
Battery life is a limitation: Issues in packaging and integration of small-sized chip with low weight and less power consumption.
Increased cost and time to market: Embedded systems are lightly constrained by cost.
Security of the system: Systems have to be designed and implemented to be robust and reliable and have to be secure with cryptographic algorithms and security procedures.
59
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Enterprise IoT Challenge
Many experts understand that this technology is the future, and the IoT gives certain competitive advantages to any enterprise that can adapt it to its needs.
The main challenges associated with the implementation of the IoT in enterprise are:
Inability to link all the data together and process it effectively
Incompetence in establishing same technology standards to make all connected devices ‘understand’ each other
Inability to deal with security and data privacy threats
60
https://techgenies.com/3-challenges-of-iot-adoption-and-how-enterprises-can-overcome-them/
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Business Challenges
The bottom line is a big motivation for starting, investing in, and operating any business, without a sound and solid business model for IoT we will have another bubble , this model must satisfy all the requirements for all kinds of e-commerce; vertical markets, horizontal markets, and consumer markets.
61
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Business Challenges
IoT can be divided into 3 categories, based on usage and client's base:
Consumer IoT includes the connected devices such as smart cars, phones, watches, laptops, connected appliances, and entertainment systems.
Commercial IoT includes things like inventory controls, device trackers, and connected medical devices.
Industrial IoT covers such things as connected electric meters, wastewater systems, flow gauges, pipeline monitors, manufacturing robots, and other types of connected industrial devices and systems.
62
Clearly, it is important to understand the value chain and business model for the IoT applications for each category of IoT.
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Challenges
Security
Reliability
Heterogeneity
Large Scale
Big Data
Legal and Social Aspects
Demand Response Barriers
IoT More challenges
63
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Challenges on IoT: Reliability
IoT-based systems cause some reliability problems.
For example, due to cars’ mobility, the interconnection among them is not very reliable.
Moreover, the participation of huge numbers of smart technologies would lead to some reliability challenges, particularly regarding their failure.
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
64
Challenges on IoT: Heterogeneity
In IoT systems, the authorities have to examine their goal scenarios, define the needed hardware/software and afterward aggregate these heterogeneous subsystems.
Providing such substructures and the procurement of a proper cooperating scheme among them is indeed a major challenging mission for IoT systems.
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Challenges on IoT: Large Scale
The IoT system provides a proper platform which is able to analyze, and aggregate information extracted from various devices.
However, this large-scale data needs proper storage and computational ability because it is gathered at high rates that lead to the usual challenges to be more difficult to cope with.
In addition, the distribution of the IoT devices can influence the monitoring actions, since the devices have to deal with delays related to dynamics and connectivity.
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Challenges on IoT: Big Data
It is clear that the IoT substructures would be some of these significant sources of big data.
In big data problems, three main specifications are highlighted, consisting of the number, speed as well as variance.
Hence, smart meter information is received according to these specifications.
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Challenges on IoT: Demand Response Barriers
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Framework Barriers
Suitable electricity market
Communication limits
Providers Barriers
Convince customers and making incentives
Profit and loss and return on investment
Customer Barriers
Lack of knowledge
Potential saving money
Regulation and policies
Expensive equipment and technology availability
Conclusion
Various components are involved which work together to form an organized system, In General, there are two major components to the Internet of Things; thigs and embedded system.
Each device which is connected to IoT ecosystem, increases chance of different challenges
New business models and new currencies in the IoT Trust, Ethics, control society, surveillance, consent and data driven life, and Technological challenges driven by the need to save energy.
Other challenges, including Security, Connectivity, Compatibility & Longevity, and Intelligent Analysis & Actions.
69
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Conclusion
IoT will have to face many other challenges on the way to future as our requirements and technology gets complex every year.
The demand for a smarter and efficient connected world will have to overcome all the challenges to emerge and sustain in the advanced technology era.
Internet of Things has been evolving ever since it started its journey few years back.
New technologies and protocols joins IoT ecosystem to make it more accessible, cost effective, energy efficient and most importantly secure.
We will witness a continuous development in IoT due to huge demands in different sectors.
70
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
References
IoT Challenges, https://files.core.ac.uk/pdf/2612/81866225.pdf
Challenges: Bridge between Cloud and IoT, https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1803/1803.02890.pdf
Internet of Things (IoT) : Challenges and Future Directions
https://www.ijarcce.com/upload/2016/march-16/IJARCCE%20226.pdf
4 CHALLENGES FOR IOT IMPLEMENTATION - AND HOW TO OVERCOME THEM
71
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Video/References
IoT Security Challenges (12 min)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zl2ZbdSeQVY
Security claims vs. Security realities for IoT devices, Challenges building security into IoT devices, What does security mean for IoT devices? …
5 Operational Challenges Holding Back IoT In The Oil & Gas Industry (5 min)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wNFUHCJGkYo
Since the expansion of IoT technology and sensors and the use of data analytics, Oil and Gas has been one of the first verticals to begin the IoT digital transformation. However, there are business intelligence and analytics challenges that are preventing the IoT from fully taking hold.
72
/59
UoNA-ST560-SUM-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
