speech hw 3
dhyaa22
Ch3Listening.pptxChapter 3 Listening and Responding Effectively
SPEAK
© 2011 Cengage Learning
In this chapter, we discuss five different types of listening, how you can improve your listening skills, and guidelines for providing a constructive and ethical speech critique.
12/16/2015 1:32 PM
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.
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The mind is
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Nature gave us one tongue and two ears so we could hear twice as much as we speak.
~Epictetus
Learning Outcomes:
1. Why is it important to study listening in a public speaking course?
2. What is the difference between listening and hearing.
3. What are five different types of listening?
4. What strategies can you employ to improve your listening skills?
5. How can you constructively critique speeches you hear?
12/16/2015 1:32 PM
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.
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Hearing & Listening
Hearing is the biological process that occurs when the brain detects sound waves…
Listening is the process of receiving, attending to, constructing meaning from & responding to spoken or nonverbal messages.
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Communication is the process of creating shared meaning. For communication to be effective, the speaker must present the message clearly and compellingly. Equally important, however, is that the listener understands and accurately remembers what was said.
Listening is important because 50 percent or more of our time in communication is spent listening. Effective listening is a key to success in most occupations. To be an effective communicator you must understand and practice effective listening skills.
Hearing is the biological process that occurs when the brain detects sound waves…
Listening is the process of receiving, attending to, constructing meaning from, and responding to spoken or nonverbal messages.
12/16/2015 1:32 PM
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.
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Emotions and Listening
To listen effectively, you must be calm and interested.
Other emotions impede listening.
Watch for emotional triggers that hinder listening.
Types of Listening
Appreciative listening
Discriminative listening
Comprehensive listening
Empathic listening
Critical listening
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Types of Listening:
In an appreciative listening situation, your goal is simply to enjoy the thoughts and experiences of others.
In discriminative listening, your goal is to understand the speaker’s meaning conveyed in other ways than the words themselves (e.g., nonverbal cues).
In comprehensive listening, your goal is to understand, remember, and recall what has been said.
In empathic listening, your goal is to be a sounding board to help another sort through feelings.
In critical listening, your ultimate goal is to evaluate the worth of a message.
12/16/2015 1:32 PM
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.
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Improving Your Listening Skills
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Effective listening is a complex process made up of five steps:
Attending
Understanding
Remembering
Evaluating
Responding
Improving your listening skills:
Attending is paying attention to what the speaker is saying regardless of extraneous interferences.
Understanding is the ability to assign accurate meaning to what was said. Sometimes we may not fully understand a speaker’s message because the speaker uses unfamiliar words or complex concepts and sometimes we might miss the emotional intent of the message.
Remembering is being able to retain and recall information we have heard.
Evaluating is critically analyzing what is said to determine its truthfulness, utility, and trustworthiness. Critical analysis is especially important when the speaker expects you to believe, support, or act on what was said. If you don’t critically analyze what you hear, you risk going along with ideas that violate your values.
Responding is providing feedback to the speaker about what is being said
Exhibit 3.1 (p.33) gives excellent examples of effective listening behaviors and ineffective listening behaviors.
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Guidelines for Attending to a Speech
Get physically ready to listen
Resist mental distractions while listen
Suspend judgment while you hear the speaker out
Identify the benefits of attending to the speaker’s words
© 2011 Cengage Learning
To be an effective listener, you need to train yourself to focus on what people are saying regardless of potential distractions. These techniques can help you do this.
Guidelines for attending to a speech:
Get physically ready to listen.
Resist mental distractions while you listen.
Suspend judgment while you hear the speaker out.
Identify the benefits of attending to the speaker’s words.
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Guidelines for Understanding and Remembering
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Determine the speaker’s organization
Ask questions
Silently paraphrase key information
Observe nonverbal cues
Take good notes
Guidelines for Understanding and Remembering:
Determine the speaker’s organization
Ask questions
Silently paraphrase key information
Observe nonverbal cues
Take good notes
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Preparing a Constructive Critique
Effective critiques …
communicate specific observations
begin with positive observations
follow observation statements with explanations
are phrased so that it’s clear they reflect your personal perceptions, not “truth”
© 2011 Cengage Learning
A constructive critique is an analysis of a presentation that evaluates how well a speaker meets a specific speaking goal while following the norms for good speaking and that recommends how the presentation could be improved.
Preparing a Constructive Critique:
Effective critiques …
communicate specific observations
begin with positive observations
follow observation statements with explanations
are phrased so that it’s clear they reflect your personal perceptions, not “truth”
Exhibit 3.2-3.3 & 3.4 (pages 36 & 37) give excellent examples of ineffective & effective comments about the content of a narrative/personal experience speech
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General Criteria for a Constructive Critique
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Content of the speech
Structure of the speech
Delivery of the speech
A constructive critique is an analysis of a presentation that evaluates how well a speaker meets a specific speaking goal while following the norms for good speaking and that recommends how the presentation could be improved.
Content of the Speech:
Does the speaker establish common ground and adapt the content to the audience’s interests, knowledge, and attitudes?
Does the speaker seem to have expertise in the subject areas?
Does the speaker have high-quality sources for the information given in the speech?
Does the speaker reveal the sources of the information ?
Are the sources relevant? recent? varied? distributed throughout the speech?
Does the information presented explain or support each of the main points?
Are presentational aids appropriate and well used?
Is each main point supported with breadth? depth? listener relevance?
Structure of the Speech:
Does the introduction of the speech get attention, establish listener relevance and credibility, and lead into the topic?
Has the speaker stated a clear goal for the speech?
Are the main points of the speech clearly stated, parallel, and meaningful?
Do transitions lead smoothly from one point to another?
Does the information presented explain or support each of the main points?
Does the speaker use language that is appropriate, accurate, clear, and vivid?
Does the speaker use a compelling style?
Does the conclusion summarize the main points and end with a clincher?
Delivery of the Speech:
Does the speaker sound intelligible? conversational? expressive?
Is the presentation fluent?
Does the speaker look at the audience?
Does the speaker use appropriate facial expressions?
Were the pronunciation and articulation acceptable?
Does the speaker have good posture?
Does the speaker have sufficient poise?
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Learn how to listen and you will prosper – even from those who talk badly. ~ Plutarch
© 2011 Cengage Learning
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