Reading Comprehension questions

1. Define the following terms and describe their function:

· Cell _______________________________________________________________________________

· Plasma membrane ____________________________________________________________________

· Cytoplasm __________________________________________________________________________

· Cell wall ___________________________________________________________________________

· Flagella ____________________________________________________________________________

2. Explain why cells are the basic unit of life. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. List the basic principles of the cell theory. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. How are prokaryotic cells different from eukaryotic cells? How are they similar?

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5. Describe the major components of a bacterial cell. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Identify the key differences between archaea and bacteria.

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7. Define the following terms and explain their function:

· Nucleus _____________________________________________________________________________

· Chromatin ___________________________________________________________________________

· Chromosomes ________________________________________________________________________

· Nucleolus ___________________________________________________________________________

· Nuclear envelope _____________________________________________________________________

· Nuclear pores ________________________________________________________________________

· Ribosomes __________________________________________________________________________

· Vesicles ____________________________________________________________________________

· Rough endoplasmic reticulum __________________________________________________________

· Smooth endoplasmic reticulum _________________________________________________________

· Golgi apparatus ______________________________________________________________________

· Lysosomes __________________________________________________________________________

· Vacuole ____________________________________________________________________________

· Chloroplasts _________________________________________________________________________

· Mitochondria_________________________________________________________________________

· Cytoskeleton __________________________________________________________________________

· Microtubules _________________________________________________________________________

· Cilia ________________________________________________________________________________

8. What is DNA? ______________________________________________________________________________

9. How are plant vacuoles different from animal vacuoles? _____________________________________________

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10. Describe photosynthesis ______________________________________________________________________

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11. Why are chloroplasts green? ____________________________________________________________________

12. Explain why plant cells need both mitochondria and chloroplasts. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

13. What are pseudopods? ________________________________________________________________________

14. What are centrioles? __________________________________________________________________________

15. What are ribosomes made of? _______________________________________

16. What is the wall of a plant cell made of? ________________________________________

17. How did the invention of the microscope help develop the cell theory? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

18. If a bacterium lost its flagella what would it NOT be able to do? _______________________________________

19. Where is DNA located in a eukaryotic cell? ________________________________________________________

20. Muscle cells have more mitochondria than some other kinds of eukaryotic cells. In what ways would having many mitochondria be beneficial to muscle cells? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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