Assignment 1
mepalacios3
Ch3_IoTFall2022PostedEnabTech1.pptxINST560, Internet of Things (IoT)
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH AMERICA
Lecture 3: Fall 2022
Professor Aliakbar Jalali
1
Internet of Things Enabling Technologies
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Overview
Introduction
Evolution of the Technology
Some significant statistics
IoT Technology
Risks of IoT Technologies
Use Cases of IoT Technology!
What are IoT Enabling Technology
Conclusion
References
2
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Introduction
Because of technological changes taking place in the world, IoT is gradually taking over all the fields, and the future of the IoT applications are increasing day by day.
Technological advances are fueling the growth of IoT.
Technology improved communications and network, new sensors of various kinds; cheaper, denser, more reliable, and power efficient storage both in the cloud and locally are converging to enable new types of IoT based products that were not possible a few years ago.
IoT technology will further develop to make our day-to-day operations much easier and more remotely controlled in the days to come.
3
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Introduction
Businesses need to constantly explore IoT applications within their domain to stay ahead in competitiveness and implementation.
The competition will primarily define in the coming decade as how companies take advantage of innovative technology.
However, it is the dominant technology that determines the future of many businesses attached to the future of the internet of things (IoT).
4
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Introduction
The emerging trends in IoT are majorly driven by technologies like artificial intelligence, blockchain, 5G and edge computing.
We need to know more in detail about the elements that make up broad spectrum of technologies, we know as the Internet of Things.
Technological advances lies in the business value of IoT applications like smart wearables, smart homes and buildings, smart cities, autonomous cars, smart factories, location trackers, wireless sensors and much more.
5
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Introduction: Technology is changing the world!
Technology is changing the world.
It is changing the way we communicate, shop, learn, travel, play and of course the way we work.
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
6
Introduction: Technology is changing the world!
7
Global gigabit subscriptions are expected to jump to 50 million in 2022, more than doubling from 24 million at the end of 2020, according to a new report from analyst firm Omdia.
High Speed Internet!
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Introduction: Social Media is Changing societies!
8
Are you on social media a lot? When is the last time you checked Twitter, Facebook, or Instagram? Last night? Before breakfast? Five minutes ago?
The Impact of Social Media on Politics
The Impact of Social Media on Society
The Impact of Social Media on Commerce
The Impact of Social Media on the World of Work
The Impact of Social Media on Training and Development
The Challenges of Social Media: Cyberbullying, Lack of Privacy
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Introduction: Can Technology Save the World?
Yes! Technology can save the world I think that because the tech can help us with different advance that we have, For example: in the medicine it can prevent disease and many people can alive but at the same time it is killing the people using chemicals in the food, but we can use less.
No! Technology alone cannot save the world. It needs to be accompanied by conscious decisions by humans.
9
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Introduction: Evolution of the Technology
From 1900
From 1960
10
From VACUUM TUBE
To
TRANSISTORS
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Introduction: Evolution of the Technology
11
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Introduction: Evolution of the Technology
12
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Introduction: Evolution of the Technology
13
FROM MAINFRAME TO HYBRID CLOUD
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
THE TRANSFORMATION OF INTERACTION
14
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
14
15
Introduction: Next Generation of the Technology
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Evaluation of Technology: Change in Human Way of Life
Evolution of Technology: where we are?
16
Fire Age
Agri Age
Industry Age
Information
Age
Virtual
Age
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
What is IoT Technology?
IoT technology includes all the enabling hardware IP, tools, systems, sensors, and software that support IoT device and application development.
With IoT technology, everyday objects can be made smart—from medical devices to smartphones, watches to security cameras, and cars to factory production lines.
IoT technologies also include security tools to prevent internet-based attacks on networked devices and their applications.
17
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT Technologies
The goals of most IoT technologies are to collect, process, analyze, react to, and communicate data. Any technology that does one or more of those tasks is a candidate for use in IoT application.
IoT devices usually collect data from the environment around the device using the following sensors:
Audio sensors
Proximity sensors
Light sensors
Accelerometers and gyroscopes
Temperature and humidity sensors
Motion and occupancy sensors
Biometric sensors
Two places that IoT data processing occurs in:
The front end, where the sensors that collect the data are located; often referred to as edge processing or edge computing
The back end, a central location where data is usually sent via a network connection
18
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT Technologies
Edge processing is done by a microprocessor or microcontroller.
Further microprocessors used in IoT are usually reserved for computing-intensive applications.
Microcontrollers are specifically designed to work with sensors and I/O devices and are the processing device of choice for edge computing in IoT applications.
An embedded system as a computing system designed to perform a specific function.
A microcontroller is usually at the heart of an embedded system.
Data processing in most IoT applications consists mainly of reading data from sensors and other input devices, running an algorithm to determine how to react to the data, and outputting data.
19
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT Technologies: IoT connected devices worldwide up to 2025
20
75 + Billion
IoT devices are expected to be in use by 2025.
IoT Infrastructure Devices & Facilities
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
By 2025, forecasts suggest that there will be more than 75 billion Internet of Things (IoT) connected devices in use. This would be a nearly threefold increase from the IoT installed base in 2019.
20
IoT Technologies: IoT Software
IoT Software is essential for tracking and managing devices
The leading dashboard for IoT
See your device performance, manage spend, and equip your operations for the future — all in one place.
21
IoT Infrastructure: IoT Software
https://www.hologram.io/products/dashboard/
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
A dashboard designed to save you time
Spend less time analyzing data and more time making decisions that move the needle. The Hologram Dashboard gives you a single source of truth for your operations, with intuitive tools your team will love using.
View and act on data, instantly
Maintain real-time visibility into device activity and performance, so you can take action when it matters most.
Optimize device spend
Find opportunities to improve your bottom line with detailed fleet insights and transparent billing.
Keep operations running smoothly
Stay ahead of potential disruptions and get alerted to changes in your operations with 24/7 monitoring.
21
IoT Technologies: IoT Labor (Skill)
Investing in upskilling employees can help close IoT skill gaps.
7 challenges in IoT and how to overcome them by skilled labor.
Lack of effective and informed government regulations
22
IoT Infrastructure: Labor
(Upskilling employees)
hthttps://www.hologram.io/blog/challenges-in-iot/
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
A dashboard designed to save you time
Spend less time analyzing data and more time making decisions that move the needle. The Hologram Dashboard gives you a single source of truth for your operations, with intuitive tools your team will love using.
View and act on data, instantly
Maintain real-time visibility into device activity and performance, so you can take action when it matters most.
Optimize device spend
Find opportunities to improve your bottom line with detailed fleet insights and transparent billing.
Keep operations running smoothly
Stay ahead of potential disruptions and get alerted to changes in your operations with 24/7 monitoring.
22
IoT Technologies: QA & Testing
IoT testing is the practice of performing a series of tests to validate performance in the IoT process. Find out more here.
There are 5 types of IoT testing: usability, compatibility, security, performance, and compliance.
Table of Contents
What is IoT testing, and why it’s important
The 5 different types of IoT testing
Possible challenges of IoT testing
Tips for efficient IoT testing
Optimizing your IoT testing: a few tools to consider
23
IoT Infrastructure: QA & Testing
https://www.hologram.io/blog/iot-testing/
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
A dashboard designed to save you time
Spend less time analyzing data and more time making decisions that move the needle. The Hologram Dashboard gives you a single source of truth for your operations, with intuitive tools your team will love using.
View and act on data, instantly
Maintain real-time visibility into device activity and performance, so you can take action when it matters most.
Optimize device spend
Find opportunities to improve your bottom line with detailed fleet insights and transparent billing.
Keep operations running smoothly
Stay ahead of potential disruptions and get alerted to changes in your operations with 24/7 monitoring.
23
IoT Technologies: Opportunity Cost & Time-to-Market
IoT deployments were ranked a top 3 investment priority in 2022.
A new global survey by Analysys Mason and sponsored by Sierra Wireless (NASDAQ: SWIR) (TSX: SW) a world leading IoT solutions provider, found that 72% of enterprises surveyed deployed IoT to automate their processes and reduce costs while 55% stated creating new revenue streams was a main reason for IoT adoption.
24
IoT Infrastructure: Opportunity Cost & Time-to-Market
https://www.yahoo.com/now/global-survey-analysys-mason-reveals-130000897.html
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
A dashboard designed to save you time
Spend less time analyzing data and more time making decisions that move the needle. The Hologram Dashboard gives you a single source of truth for your operations, with intuitive tools your team will love using.
View and act on data, instantly
Maintain real-time visibility into device activity and performance, so you can take action when it matters most.
Optimize device spend
Find opportunities to improve your bottom line with detailed fleet insights and transparent billing.
Keep operations running smoothly
Stay ahead of potential disruptions and get alerted to changes in your operations with 24/7 monitoring.
24
25
https://www.halvorsen.blog/documents/teaching/courses/iot/lab_industry40.php
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Some Significant IoT Based Statistics
26
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
63 PERCENT OF ALL PEOPLE ON EARTH ARE NOW ONLINE
27
https://wearesocial.com/hk/blog/2022/04/more-than-5-billion-people-now-use-the-internet/
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
34
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
DEVICES USED TO ACCESS THE INTERNET
Cell phones continue to be the world’s most-used connected devices, with GWI reporting that more than 92 percent of working-age internet users go online via mobile devices.
However, more than two-thirds (68 percent) of the world’s internet users still go online via laptop and desktop computers, although it is worth noting that this figure has fallen from 72 percent this time last year.
3 in 10 people also connect to the internet via their television, and more people now go online via televisions than go online via tablet devices.
But cell phones aren’t just the most widely used devices.
GWI’s latest research also reveals that mobile phones now account for almost 55 percent of the time we spend online, and that figure rises to almost 60 percent across Thailand, Indonesia, China, and India.
Age plays an important role in shaping device preferences though.
For example, Gen Z users are considerably less likely to go online via a computer than users in their parents’ generation are.
35
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT Technologies (1 of 5)
The goals of most IoT technologies are to collect, process, analyze, react to, and communicate data
Any technology that does one or more of those tasks is a candidate for use in IoT applications
Greg Tomsho, Guide to Networking Essentials, 8th Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT Technologies (2 of 5)
IoT Data Collection
IoT devices usually collect data from the environment around the device using sensors
Common types of sensors used in IoT include:
Audio sensors
Proximity sensors
Light sensors
Accelerometers and gyroscopes
Temperature and humidity sensors
Motion and occupancy sensors
Biometric sensors
Greg Tomsho, Guide to Networking Essentials, 8th Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT Technologies (3 of 5)
IoT Data Processing
IoT data processing occurs in two places:
The front end, where the sensors collect the data are located; this is often referred to as edge processing or edge computing
The back end, a central location where data is usually sent via a network connection
Edge processing is done by a microprocessor or microcontroller
A microcontroller is a small, low-power processor with built-in analog and digital I/O lines and memory that usually runs at speeds measured in the tens of Megahertz
They are specifically designed to work with sensors and I/O devices and are the processing device of choice for edge computing in IoT applications
A microcontroller is usually at the heart of an embedded system, a computing system designed to perform a specific function
Greg Tomsho, Guide to Networking Essentials, 8th Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT Technologies (4 of 5)
IoT Data Processing (continued)
Microprocessors usually have an advanced, multithreaded OS
Microcontrollers typically have a very simple OS designed to run a single application with a dedicated function
A microcontroller may not have an OS at all; it might run only some bootstrap code that downloads an application to the microcontroller’s memory
Whether a device uses a microprocessor or microcontroller, the data processing in most IoT applications consists mainly of reading data from sensors and other input devices, running an algorithm to determine how to react to the data, and outputting data
Greg Tomsho, Guide to Networking Essentials, 8th Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT Technologies (5 of 5)
IoT Data Communication
Various consortiums are in the process of developing standards for IoT communications
The communication aspect of IoT is complex because of so many of the “things” that generate data are incompatible with one another or lack modern communication technologies and protocols
Greg Tomsho, Guide to Networking Essentials, 8th Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Number of IoT connected devices worldwide from 2019 to 2030, by Communications Technology
45
https://www.statista.com/statistics/1194688/iot-connected-devices-communications-technology/
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Risks of IoT Technologies
Security and privacy issues, cybercrime, surveillance at work, home or in public spaces and control of mobility and expression.
There is governance gap’ that needs to be closed between the potential risks and society’s efforts to safeguard against them through laws, industry standards and self-governance approaches.
Effective technology governance mitigates risks and reduces the potential harms to society while also helping to maximize the technology’s positive impacts.
The generation gap seen in current IoT utilization is surprising.
46
https://www.visionofhumanity.org/what-is-the-internet-of-things/
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Introduction: Digital generations
47
Digital
The Technology Gap
Why IoT Technologies are Important!
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Introduction: IoT Technologies changing the world!
48
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Digital generations and The Technology Gap
Age-related restrictions governing the use of IoT mean that there’s considerably less data available on people’s online activities, making it harder to assess online IoT applications.
49
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Digital generations and The Technology Gap
Technology isn’t necessarily something that runs in the family, to some degree, it’s something we’re born into, depending on how tech-forward the world was when we entered it.
This is a part of the reason younger generations are more comfortable interacting with technology, because they know the world no other way.
They’re digital natives (how was born 2010 up to present at modern-age technology as smartphone, tablet and Internet).
It’s also why older generations may be more hesitant about engaging in online activities, because they must adapt to them.
50
https://us.norton.com/internetsecurity-how-to-digital-generations.html
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Digital generations and The Technology Gap
Similarly, Cyber-Safety Across Generations (CSAG), privacy and security considerations make it more difficult to use activities relating to IoT application and services (See next slides for age-related statistics in CSAG ).
51
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Cyber-Safety Across Generations
52
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Cyber-Safety Across Generations
53
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Cyber-Safety Across Generations
54
https://us.norton.com/internetsecurity-how-to-digital-generations.html
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Technology Focus on IoT
Advanced Technologies like IoT lie at the very heart of modern industry’s ongoing process of digital transformation.
Indeed, these technologies enable process, product and service innovation throughout the economy, thus fostering and supporting industrial modernization across a wide range of organizations and industry sectors.
Taking the Internet of Things as one the backbones of digital transformation and industrial modernization, we observed that the current availability of huge datasets, coupled with recent technology advances in Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and fast connectivity capabilities, are all paving the way to new and more disruptive applications of IoT systems and services.
55
https://ati.ec.europa.eu/reports/technology-watch/technology-focus-iot
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Technology Focus on IoT
There is now widespread recognition among consumers and organizations that IoT can help them to operate more efficiently, improve quality of service and customer experience, introduce new services and improve many other aspects of their businesses.
Likewise, governmental and international bodies have thrown their weight into supporting and stimulating IoT development as a key economic opportunity and driver of future innovation.
56
https://ati.ec.europa.eu/reports/technology-watch/technology-focus-iot
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
10 IoT Technology Trends to watch in 2022
57
https://iot-analytics.com/iot-technology-trends/
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
What are the components of IoT Technologies
58
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Use Cases of IoT Technology!
Cars are more and more intelligent devices
59
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Use Cases of IoT Technology!
60
https://www.gsma.com/newsroom/wp-content/uploads/15625-Connected-Living-Report.pdf
Device Ownership of a Typical Family of Four, 2012, 2017, 2022
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Use Cases of IoT Technology!
Smart home: automation of home appliances which can sense human presence and control light, temperature and ambience etc.
Smart wearables: there are millions of smart gadgets already available on the market but still this is big area for future growth.
Smart Cities: our future security and monitoring will be using IoT. Congestion management, traffic control etc.
Smart healthcare: in future, medical practitioners will be able to assess patients' conditions remotely and advice for further procedures.
Smart energy management: smart lighting control, smart power grid and industrial applications
Smart farming: farming and agriculture could use IoT for management of irrigation and control.
Smart ticketing: in future, airports and sport venues will be using smart ticket systems.
61
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Quality of IoT is Evaluated by Technology!
62
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Latest Technology used in IoT
Artificial Intelligence
Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
Internet of Things
3D Printers!
Intelligent Apps (I – Apps)
Blockchain
Machin Learning
63
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Advanced Technologies Uptake by European Industries, 2020
64
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
65
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
66
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT Enabling Technology
IoT primarily exploits standard protocols and networking technologies.
IoT is enabled by several technologies including wireless sensor networks, cloud computing, Big data analytics, Embedded Systems, Security Protocols and architectures, communication protocols, web services, Mobile Internet, and Semantic Search engines.
The major enabling technologies and protocols of IoT are RFID, NFC, low-energy Bluetooth, low-energy wireless, low-energy radio protocols, LTE-A,5G and WiFi-Direct.
67
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
What are IoT Enabling Technology
Wireless Sensor Network
Cloud Computing
Big Data Analytics
Communications Protocols
Embedded System
68
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/internet-of-things-iot-enabling-technologies/
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
What are IoT Enabling Technology
1. Wireless Sensor Network(WSN): A WSN comprises distributed devices with sensors which are used to monitor the environmental and physical conditions. A wireless sensor network consists of end nodes, routers and coordinators. End nodes have several sensors attached to them where the data is passed to a coordinator with the help of routers. The coordinator also acts as the gateway that connects WSN to the internet. Example:
Weather monitoring system
Indoor air quality monitoring system
Soil moisture monitoring system
Surveillance system
Health monitoring system
69
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/internet-of-things-iot-enabling-technologies/
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
What are IoT Enabling Technology
2. Cloud Computing: It provides us the means by which we can access applications as utilities over the internet. Cloud means something which is present in remote locations. With Cloud computing, users can access any resources from anywhere like databases, webservers, storage, any device, and any software over the internet. Characteristics:
Broad network access
On demand self-services
Rapid scalability
Measured service
Pay-per-use
Provides different services, such as:
IaaS (Infrastructure as a service) - Infrastructure as a service provides online services such as physical machines, virtual machines, servers, networking, storage and data center space on a pay per use basis. Major IaaS providers are Google Compute Engine, Amazon Web Services and Microsoft Azure etc. Ex: Web Hosting, Virtual Machine etc.
PaaS (Platform as a service): Provides a cloud-based environment with a very thing required to support the complete life cycle of building and delivering West web based (cloud) applications – without the cost and complexity of buying and managing underlying hardware, software provisioning and hosting. Computing platforms such as hardware, operating systems and libraries etc. Basically, it provides a platform to develop applications. Ex: App Cloud, Google app engine
SaaS (Software as a service): It is a way of delivering applications over the internet as a service. Instead of installing and maintaining software, you simply access it via the internet, freeing yourself from complex software and hardware management. Ex: Google Docs, Gmail, office etc.
70
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/internet-of-things-iot-enabling-technologies/
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
What are IoT Enabling Technology
3. Big Data Analytics: It refers to the method of studying massive volumes of data or big data. Collection of data whose volume, velocity or variety is simply too massive and tough to store, control, process and examine the data using traditional databases. Big data is gathered from a variety of sources including social network videos, digital images, sensors and sales transaction records. Several steps involved in analyzing big data:
Data cleaning
Munging
Processing
Visualization
Examples:
Bank transactions
Data generated by IoT systems for location and tracking of vehicles
E-commerce and in Big-Basket
Health and fitness data generated by IoT system such as a fitness bands
71
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/internet-of-things-iot-enabling-technologies/
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
What are IoT Enabling Technology
4. Communications Protocols: They are the backbone of IoT systems and enable network connectivity and linking to applications. Communication protocols allow devices to exchange data over the network. Multiple protocols often describe different aspects of a single communication. A group of protocols designed to work together is known as a protocol suite; when implemented in software they are a protocol stack. They are used in:
Data encoding
Addressing schemes
72
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/internet-of-things-iot-enabling-technologies/
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
What are IoT Enabling Technology
5. Embedded Systems: It is a combination of hardware and software used to perform special tasks. It includes microcontroller and microprocessor memory, networking units (Ethernet Wi-Fi adapters), input output units (display keyword etc. ) and storage devices (flash memory). It collects the data and sends it to the internet. Embedded systems used in
Examples:
Digital camera
DVD player, music player
Industrial robots
Wireless Routers etc.
73
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/internet-of-things-iot-enabling-technologies/
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Why IoT Enabling Technology?
It brings together most of the latest technologies.
Converged, these technologies will have a major impact.
74
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Key Technologies enables IoT Solution
75
Key Technologies enables IoT solutions to be deployed more rapidly, cost-effectively and at lower risk.
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Metaverse and IoT Technology
76
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Metaverse is Changing the IoT Technology
The metaverse adds a 3D user interface to our flat desktop and mobile computer, providing a more tailored user interface environment for IoT.
As such, the metaverse brings the physical and digital worlds together, allowing people and things to collaborate more intuitively with complex systems in person or afar.
Is IoT related to metaverse?
How will the metaverse change the IoT world?
What is the technology behind IoT based metaverse?
How will metaverse affect the IoT?
77
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
1st Wave: Agricultural Age
(29,500 Years) Goal, Produce Food
2nd wave: Industrial Age
(500 Years) Goal, Produce Material
3rd wave: Information Age
( 25 Years) Goal, Produce Information
4th wave: Virtual Age
( 20 Years ahead!) Goal, Spirituality
Virtual Age (Metaverse): Next Wave of Change in Society
78
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Virtual Age: Next Wave of Change in Society
79
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Paper 1: Virtual Age: Next Wave of Change in Society
80
Professor Jalali
Paper 1
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Paper 2: Virtual Age: Enabling Technologies and Trends
81
Professor Jalali
Paper 2
Metaverse is part of the idea of professor Jalali in year 1993
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
82
Professor Jalali speech
West Virginia University
1993
Virtual Age (Metaverse): Next Wave of Change in Education!
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT:
Technologies
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT: Principles,
Electricity, Electromagnetism and Electronics
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT: Basic Theory of Signals and Systems
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT: Sensors
Light Dependent Resistors, LDR
Moisture Sensor
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT:
Wireless Communication
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT: Protocol
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT: Practical Issues Arduino and Raspberry Pi
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT: Architecture
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT:
Technical challenges
Challenges
Security
Reliability
Heterogeneity
Large Scale
Big Data
Legal and Social Aspects
Demand Response Barriers
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT: Security
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT: Cloud
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
IIoT: Industry 4.0
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Industrial IoT Devices (1 of 3)
The use of IoT technologies in industry has been dubbed Industry 4.0
Industry 4.0 makes use of virtualization, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence to create what is called a cyber-physical system (CPS)
Some of the same IoT technologies are used in both home automation and industry
Industrial usage often requires industrial version of sensors because they must hold up under harsh environments, high vibrations, and possibly extreme temperatures
95
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Industrial IoT Devices (2 of 3)
Types of devices you might find in industrial applications include the following:
Actuators
An actuator is a general category of output device that provides automatic movement, such as turning a valve to open or close a pipe
Electric motor
An electric motor rotates at a particular speed and direction in response to an electrical signal
Stepper motors rotate in a series of steps, providing precise movement
Servo motors provide either partial rotation or continuous rotation
96
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Industrial IoT Devices (3 of 3)
Types of devices you might find in industrial applications include the following (continued):
Solenoid
A solenoid is a tightly wound coil of wire that creates a strong magnetic field when electricity is applied
RFID tags
RFID tags are attached to objects and are used to identify and track the objects
PLCs
Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are input/output controllers used in assembly lines, robotics, and automated machinery
IoT gateways
IoT gateway devices translate data coming from an IoT network to another type of network
97
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Six key barriers to IoT adoption
Knowledge: People are aware of the internet, especially in terms of mobile internet, but they do not have knowledge about IoT.
Access: the availability of the necessary network infrastructure for IoT required to gain high speed network access, and the availability of relevant end-user devices.
Skills: the extent to which people have the necessary levels of literacy and digital “savviness” to make meaningful use of the internet of Things.
Affordability: the costs associated with buying or accessing connected devices, the cost of data plans, and other associated service fees and expenses.
Relevance: the extent to which people can find and consume content, services, and connected products that they can understand and that meet their needs.
Safety and security: how worried people are about the potential risks and negative experiences that they may be exposed to via the IoT, such as harmful content devices, fraud, and devices data protection.
98
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Conclusion
The goals of most IoT technologies are to collect, process, analyze, react to, and communicate data.
Any technology that does one or more of those tasks is a candidate for use in IoT applications
IoT combines electronics, computer hardware, programming, and networking, plus a little needed creativity to imagine what new “things” you can add to the world of IoT.
IoT data processing occurs in two places: the front end and the back end.
Different types of devices and different environments dictate what type of networking technology is likely to be used by a particular IoT device.
Home automation is a burgeoning industry and a driver of IoT, but industrial IoT products will likely have a greater impact on society as a whole
The use of IoT technologies in industry, particularly in manufacturing, has been dubbed Industry 4.0
99
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
References
Virtual Age: Next Wave of Change in Society (Aliakbar Jalali)
https://vdocuments.net/dr-jalali-paperc50.html?page=1
Virtual Age: Enabling Technologies and Trends (Aliakbar Jalali)
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5070754
Internet of Things-IOT: Definition, Characteristics, Architecture, Enabling Technologies, Application & Future Challenges, Keyur K Patel1 , Sunil M Patel (DOI 10.4010/2016.1482 ISSN 2321 3361 © 2016 IJESC) – pdf.
Technologies and Protocol for IoT
https://webstor.srmist.edu.in/web_assets/downloads/2021/communication-technologies-for-iot.pdf
100
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Resources
1- IoT Revolution: 5 Ways the Internet of Things Will Change Transportation
2- How IoT is Transforming the Energy Industry
https://easternpeak.com/blog/how-iot-is-transforming-the-energy-industry/
3- Industry 4.0: The Future of Manufacturing
4- Pushing IoT Data Gathering, Analysis, and Response to the Edge
https://dzone.com/articles/pushing-iot-data-gathering-analysis-and-response-to-the-edge
5- IoT DIY Projects
https://www.postscapes.com/internet-of-things-award/diy/
6- Design and Simulation of IoT Systems Using the Cisco Packet Tracer
https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=108495
101
/59
UoNA-ST560-FALL-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
