speech hw 12
dhyaa22
Ch12InformativeSpeaking.pptxChapter 12
SPEAK
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Informative Speaking
This chapter covers five distinguishing characteristics of informing, five methods of informing, and two common types of informative speeches.
5/27/2014 12:29 PM
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.
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The mind is
© 2011 Cengage Learning
The original root of the word "information" is the Latin word informare, which means to fashion, shape, or create, to give form to. Information is an idea that has been given a form, such as the spoken or written word. It is a means of representing an image or thought so that it can be communicated from one mind to another….
~Theordore Roszak
Learning Outcomes:
1. What is the goal of an informative speaker?
2. What are the characteristics of effective information speaking?
3. What are the major methods of informing?
What are the two most common informative speech frameworks?
What are the major elements of process speeches?
What are the major types of expository speeches?
5/27/2014 12:29 PM
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.
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What is an Informative Speech
© 2011 Cengage Learning
An informative speech is one whose goal is to explain or describe facts, truths, and principles in a way that stimulates interest, facilitates understanding, and increases the likelihood of remembering.
Informative speeches answer questions about a topic, such as who, when, what, where, why, how to, and how does. Informative speaking differs from other speech forms (such as speaking to persuade, to entertain, or to celebrate) in that your goal is simply to achieve mutual understanding about an object, person, place, process, event, idea, concept, or issue.
What is an Informative Speech?
An informative speech is one whose goal is to explain or describe facts, truths, and principles in a way that stimulates interest, facilitates understanding, and increases the likelihood of remembering.
In other words, informative speeches are designed to educate audiences.
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Characteristics of Informative Speeches
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Informative speeches are:
Intellectually stimulating
Depth: Goes beyond people’s general knowledge of the topic
Breadth: Examines how the topic relates to associated topics
Relevant
Creative
Memorable
Characteristics of Informative Speeches
Your audience will perceive information to be intellectually stimulating when it is new to them and when it is explained in a way that piques their curiosity and excites their interest. So depth goes beyond people’s general knowledge of the topic. Where as breadth examines how the topic relates to associated topics.
Relevance are statements that clarify how a particular point may be important to a listener—throughout the speech.
Creative speeches yields innovative ideas. Creative informative speeches begin with good research.
Memorable - if your speech is really informative, your audience will hear a lot of new information but will need your help in remembering what is most important. Effective informative speeches emphasize the specific goal, main ideas, and key facts in ways that help audience members remember them.
5/27/2014 12:29 PM
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.
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Techniques for Making Informative Speeches Memorable
© 2011 Cengage Learning
| TECHNIQUE | USE |
| Presentational Aids | To provide the opportunity for the audience to retain a visual as well as an audio memory of important or difficult material. |
| Repetition | To give the audience a second or third chance to retain important information by repeating or paraphrasing it. |
| Transitions | To increase the likelihood that the audience will retain the relationships among the information being presented, including which information is primary and which is supporting. |
| Humor and other emotional anecdotes | To create an emotional memory link to important ideas. |
| Mnemonics and acronyms | To provide an easily remembered memory prompt or shortcut to increase the likelihood that a list is retained. |
Instructor Note: To generate in-class discussion present the technique & use and allow students to come up with examples; author’s examples are listed below.
Techniques for Making Informative Speeches Memorable:
Technique: Presentational Aids
Use: To provide the opportunity for the audience to retain a visual as well as an audio memory of important or difficult material.
Example: A diagram of the process of making ethanol.
Technique: Repetition
Use: To give the audience a second or third chance to retain important information by repeating or paraphrasing it.
Example: “The first dimension of romantic love is passion; that is, it can’t really be romantic if there is no sexual attraction.”
Technique: Transitions
Use: To increase the likelihood that the audience will retain the relationships among the information being presented, including which information is primary and which is supporting.
Example: “So the three characteristics of romantic love are passion, intimacy, and commitment. Now let’s look at each of the five ways you can keep love alive. The first is through small talk.”
Technique: Humor and other emotional anecdotes
Use: To create an emotional memory link to important ideas.
Example: “True love is like a pair of socks: you’ve got to have two, and they’ve got to match. So you and your partner need to be mutually committed and compatible.”
Technique: Mnemonics and acronyms
Use: To provide an easily remembered memory prompt or shortcut to increase the likelihood that a list is retained.
Example: “You can remember the four criteria evaluating a diamond as the four carat, clarity, cut, and color.”
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Diverse Learning Styles
© 2011 Cengage Learning
To appeal to the…
Feeling dimension: use concrete, vivid images, stories and examples
Watching dimension: use visual aids & appropriate gestures & expressions
Thinking dimension: use clear macrostructure & relevant data
Doing dimension: use demonstrations & hands-on features
Because the members of your audience differ in how they prefer to learn, effective informative speeches are developed in ways that address diverse learning styles.
Rounding the cycle ensures that you address the diverse learning styles of your audience and make the speech understandable, meaningful, and memorable for all. To help you round the cycle, you might even make note of where and how you address each dimension in your speech outline.
Diverse Learning Styles:
To appeal to the…
feeling dimension: use concrete, vivid images, stories, & examples
watching dimension: use visual aids & appropriate gestures and expressions
thinking dimension: use clear macrostructure and relevant data
doing dimension: use demonstrations & hands-on features
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Methods of Informing
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Describing
Defining
Comparing & contrasting
Narrating
Demonstrating
Methods of Informing
Description is a method used to create an accurate, vivid, verbal picture of an object, geographic feature, setting, event, person, or image. This method usually answers an overarching “who,” “what,” or “where” question.
Definition is a method that explains the meaning of something. You can define a word or idea by classifying it and differentiating it from similar ideas; by explaining its derivation or history; by explaining its use or function; or by using a familiar synonym or antonym.
Comparison & contrast is a method of informing that focuses on how something is similar to and different from other things.
Narration is a method of informing that recounts an autobiographical or biographical event, a myth, a story, or some other account. Characteristics of a good narration include a strong story line; use of descriptive language and details that enhance the plot, people, setting, and events; effective use of dialogue; pacing that builds suspense; and a strong voice.
Demonstration is a method of informing that shows how something is done, displays the stages of a process, or depicts how something works. In a demonstration, you organize the steps from first to last so that your audience will be able to remember the sequence. Effective demonstrations require considerable practice.
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Common Informative Frameworks
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Process speech
Expository speech
Economic, social, religious, or ethical issues
Historical events and forces
Theory, principle, or law
Creative works
Effective process speeches require you to carefully delineate the steps and the order in which they occur. The steps typically become the main points, and concrete explanations of each step become the subpoints. Most process speeches rely heavily on the demonstration method of informing.
All expository speeches require that the speaker use an extensive research base for preparing the presentation, choose an organizational pattern that helps the audience understand the material being discussed, and use a variety of informative methods (e.g., descriptions, definitions, comparisons and contrasts, narration, demonstrations) to sustain the audience’s attention and comprehension of the material presented.
Common Informative Frameworks:
Process speech: Demonstrates how something is done, made, or works.
Expository speech: Provides carefully researched, in-depth knowledge about a complex topic.
Economic, social, religious, or ethical issues
Historical events and forces
Theory, principle, or law
Creative works
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© 2011 Cengage Learning
Not only is there an art in knowing a thing, but also a certain art in teaching it.
~ Cicero
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