Assignment 5
mepalacios3
Ch1_IoTFall2022PostedIntro.pptxINST560, Internet of Things (IoT)
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH AMERICA
Lecture 1: Fall 2022
Professor Aliakbar Jalali
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Introduction to Internet of Things Basics
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Overview
What Is the Internet of Things (IoT)?
Introduction to IoT and Digital Transformation
Definition and Concept of the IoT
Why we use IoT?
The History of IoT
IoT Market
Examples of IoT
Some of the IoT types
The Internet of Things Ecosystem
What is the Future of IoT?
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What is the IoT?
Today over 26 billion people, systems, and physical objects are connected and share data seamlessly over the Internet – and it’s rapidly changing our world.
Researchers estimate that there will be 38.6 billion IoT devices connected to the internet in 2025, and 50 billion by 2030. That’s 190 million new connected devices every month!
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a fast-growing area of technology, with new companies, products, and job opportunities springing up all over the world.
IoT, along with emerging technologies such as data analytics and artificial intelligence, metaverse and cybersecurity, are digitally transforming industries and expanding career opportunities.
By learning IoT skills you can transform any business in any industry, from manufacturing to environmental conservation.
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What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?
The IoT refers to a vast number of “things” that are connected to the internet so they can share data with other things, people, IoT applications, connected devices, industrial machines and more.
The promise of the Internet of things brings many new business predictions.
It also presents significant challenges and opportunities ranging from technology architectural choices to security concerns.
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What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?
If you have any technology in your home or car or a smartphone in your hand for using to stay connected to family and friends, you have already used IoT.
Your smartphone is the center of your own network, and your network is part of the IoT.
But the IoT is so much more!
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Visit this Video in YouTube.
How Internet of things will change your life
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What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?
Did you know that farmers can put sensors on their crops that tell them when to water, how much water is needed, and when to harvest?
With this information, farmers can get the best quality and quantity from their crops. Coal miners can place sensors in a mine that detect tiny amounts of dangerous gases. This information saves lives.
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What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?
Automobile insurance companies can offer drivers lower rates in exchange for access to their driving data. This allows for fairer and more accurate pricing and increases profits while lowering costs.
The IoT is about data. The IoT is about digitizing aspects of our lives, our businesses, and our governments to provide actionable insights into how lives can be saved, efficiencies can be created, and communities can be improved. Maybe you would like a career in the IoT.
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What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?
There are already refrigerators that can tell your connected device that the supply of milk is getting low and smart homes where you can tell your home system to make coffee.
In the future that is not very far away, where everything is connected, we should know what IoT is?
IoT connections means how we create networks of things. But what do we really mean by ‘IoT networks? We know about social network, the power grid in our city or town.
The internet is a network of networks, and some of those networks are made up of many things.
Those networks are what we call the IoT.
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What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?
The Internet of Things is an emerging topic of technical, social, economic and political significance.
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What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?
Broadly speaking, the Internet of Things (IoT) encompasses all physical objects - i.e., “things” - that connect to the internet and to other devices.
The definition of IoT is evolving, as the term is increasingly being used to describe objects that interact and “speak” to one another, so we can have the opportunity to be more efficient in how we do things.
More specifically, IoT devices are characterized by their ability to gather data on their surroundings, share this data with other electronic devices, and ultimately, help us, the end-user gain information, solve an issue, or complete a task.
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What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?
To visualize the concept, think of a time you’ve gone to the restroom in a hotel, and the light has turned on by itself.
Ever wonder how that happened? There is probably a motion detection sensor there that detects movement, which automates and connects to the light to turn it on.
This is only one of the simplest forms of an IoT solution, as the technology is now being used to create larger ecosystems such as smart homes and smart cities.
If you read your emails through a voice-controlled virtual assistant, measure your steps and heartbeat with a smartwatch, or control your security system through your cell phone, you’re benefiting from IoT solutions daily.
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Internet of Things (IoT) Achievement
Digital Transformation: Explain the meaning and impact of digital transformation. It is important to understand that most people born since the 1990s, will have grown up in a primarily digital world.
Programming Things: How to apply basic programming to support IoT devices.
Data Insights: Explain how data provides value to digital business and society.
Automating Things: Explain the benefits of automation with machine learning and artificial intelligence in the digital world.
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Realize IoT State
Everything is Connected
The rapid growth of digital networks is transforming our lives and industries - from connected appliances to smart factory equipment - and creating new economic opportunities.
Everything Becomes Programmable
Basic programming concepts to support IoT devices, including flowcharts, visual programming in Blockly, and coding in the Python programming language.
Everything Generates Data
Data is extremely valuable to digital business and society. The characteristics of Big Data, including how fast it is growing, different types of data, and storage issues.
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Realize IoT State
Everything Can be Automated
IoT is automating tasks that previously required human intervention. Smart technology and artificial intelligence are transforming business and society.
Everything Needs to be Secured
The digital world has opened the floodgates for data gathering. It can be used for good purposes, but also increases risks for our privacy, identity theft, and corporate espionage.
Educational and Business Opportunities
Learn about job opportunities for professionals with IoT skills.
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How IoT devices to be connected?
Modern digital networks make all devices (things) to be connected.
The world is quickly being covered with networks that allow digital devices to interconnect and transmit.
Think of the mesh of networks like a digital skin surrounding the planet.
With this digital skin, mobile devices, electronic sensors, electronic measuring devices, medical devices, and gauges are all able to connect.
They monitor, communicate, evaluate, and in some cases automatically adjust to the data that is being collected and transmitted.
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IoT and Digitization Transform
In our world today, there are more smart devices than there are people.
A growing number of people are connected to the internet, in one way or another, 24 hours a day.
An ever-increasing number of people have, and rely on, three, four, or more smart devices.
These might include smartphones, exercise and health monitors, e-readers, and tablets.
It is forecast that on average, there will be 3.4 smart devices or connections for every person on earth.
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IoT and Digitization Transform
IoT systems contribute to the environmental controls, retail, transportation, healthcare, and agriculture industries among many others.
According to Statista, the number of IoT devices that are in use across all relevant industries is forecast to grow to more than eight billion by 2030.
As for consumers, important areas of growth are internet and digital media devices, which includes smartphones.
This area is also predicted to grow to more than eight billion by 2030.
Other applications with more than one million connected devices are connected and autonomous vehicles, IT infrastructure, asset management, and electric utility smart grid.
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IoT and Digitization Transform
As society embraces these digital devices, as digital networks continue to grow around the world, and as the economic benefits of digitization continue to grow, we are seeing a digital transformation.
Digital transformation is the application of digital technology to provide the stage for business and industry to innovate.
This digital innovation is now being applied to every aspect of human society.
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Definition and concept of the IoT
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Defining the Internet of Things isn’t easy
Some definitions focus on the exponential growth of sensors, excluding smartphones, tablets and desktop computers, while others only consider devices with an IP address.
Some focus on the potential revenue “trillions market size”.
Some focus on the number of potential “Billions Things”!
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Defining the Internet of Things isn’t easy
When it’s defined in terms of market size, some focus on the potential revenue (it’s in the trillions), while others focus on the number of potential “Things” (it’s in the billions).
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Defining the Internet of Things isn’t easy
How would you define the Internet of Things.
If you ask 10 people, you will end up with 11 different definitions!
It’s not important that we all agree on a single definition.
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IoT Definition
Connecting every things embedded with electronics, software and sensors to the internet enabling them to collect and exchange data.
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Defining the Internet of Things isn’t easy
Some definitions focus on the exponential growth of sensors, excluding smartphones, tablets and desktop computers, while others only consider devices with an IP address.
Whether these definitions and forecasts are accurate or not, it can be downright confusing.
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Defining the Internet of Things isn’t easy
A good case in point is big data.
When the term started to become popular in 2011, almost every article, research report, interview and panel discussion for the next few years began with a definition of big data.
Was it necessary to define each time?
Yes, it was – and it still is – because it is the responsibility of an author/speaker to provide the proper context for the reader/listener – especially when it involves emerging terms like big data and the Internet of Things.
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Definition of IoT
ITU-T Recommandation définies IOT as a global infrastructure for the information society, enabling advanced services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on existing and evolving interoperable information and communication technologies.
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Definition of IoT
IEEE-SA INTERNET OF THINGS ECOSYSTEM STUDY:
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system consisting of networks of sensors, actuators, and smart objects whose purpose is to interconnect “all” things, including everyday and industrial objects, in such a way as to make them intelligent, , and more capable of interacting with humans and each other.
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Definition of IoT
IoT promises to create a world where all the objects (also called smart objects) around us are connected to the Internet and communicate with each other with minimum human intervention.
The final goal of the IoT is to create “a better world for human beings”.
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Defining the Internet of Things isn’t easy
What’s important is that we understand the context or frame of reference in which the Internet of Things is being discussed.
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Different Ways to View the IoT
IoT describes a world where just about anything can be connected and communicate in an intelligent fashion. In other words, with the Internet of Things, the physical world is becoming one big information system. (Techopedia)
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Different Ways to View the IoT
It’s a concept of everyday objects – from industrial machines to wearable devices - using built-in sensors to gather data and take action on that data across a network. (SAS Institute)
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Different Ways to View the IoT
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Different between Traditional Internet and IoT
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Traditional Internet (of People)
Network of machines (PCs, switches, routers, servers, etc.)
Content (mostly) generated by people – web pages, e-mails, pictures, videos, etc.
Internet of Things (IoT)
People have limited time, attention and accuracy to measure the physical world
Let’s use machines for that
Why we use IoT?
All things become data
Everything becomes quantifiable
Everything becomes programmable
Everything becomes social
Every company becomes a software
The world of virtual become real!
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Why we use IoT?
We want automation!
We want receive more data!
We want to control every things!
We want data on real time!
We want to make things faster!
IoT brings most of the latest technologies.
Converged, these technologies will have major impact.
More!
DATA is POWER!
Future money=Digital money! (why?)
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Why IoT is an important subject today!
Real-world Internet of Things examples range from a smart home that automatically adjusts heating and lighting to a smart factory that monitors industrial machines to look for problems, then automatically adjusts to avoid failures.
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Why IoT is an important subject today!
Internet-connected devices use built-in sensors to collect data and, in some cases, act on it.
IoT connected devices and machines can improve how we work and live.
https://www.sas.com/en_us/insights/big-data/internet-of-things.html
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Why IoT is an important subject today!
The Internet of Things finds various applications in health care, fitness, education, entertainment, social life, energy conservation, environment monitoring, home automation, and transport systems.
In the development of any IoT application security and testing frameworks play an important role.
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Why IoT is an important subject today!
Cars are more and more intelligent devices
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History of the Internet of Things
Internet of Things a phrase that was first used in 1999 by Kevin Ashton.
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History of the Internet of Things
Kevin Ashton is one of the founders of the Auto-ID Center at MIT.
Ashton was part of a team that discovered how to link objects to the internet through an RFID tag.
He first used the phrase “Internet of Things” in a 1999 presentation – and it has stuck around ever since.
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History of the Internet of Things
The term Internet of Things was originated by Kevin Ashton in 1999, but the idea has been around for much longer and dates back to the early 80s with a Coca-Cola machine at Carnegie Mellon University.
A group of students from the university designed a system to get their campus Coca-Cola vending machine to report on its contents, so they could avoid the trouble of having to check if the machine was out of Coke. Aside from the inventory report, they were also able to make the machines let them know whether newly loaded drinks were cold or not.
Later, In 1990, John Romkey connected a toaster to the internet for the first time. Not long after, another group of students at the University of Cambridge used a web camera to monitor the amount of coffee available in their computer labs.
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History of the IoT
Early example, 1982, Coke machine at Carnegie Mellon University was connected to internet: report its inventory and temperature
First IoT device in 1982!
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Coca-Cola tests Wi-Fi vending machines
Coca-Cola tests Wi-Fi vending machines for deeper smartphone engagements.
The goal of the new vending machine program is to provide free Wi-Fi to nearby students to increase their knowledge through online research as well as to entrepreneurs and small business owners so they can manage some of their business aspects online.
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History of the Internet of Things
Then, finally, in 1999, the term Internet of Things was founded by Kevin Ashton during his presentation for Procter & Gamble, a multinational consumer goods corporation. When working there as a brand manager, Ashton had been assigned to help launch a line of cosmetics. He noticed that a specific shade of brown lipstick always seemed to be sold out, although many employees' part of the supply chain would report that color as available in the warehouse. So, Ashton gave an “Internet of Things” presentation and suggested that each product has a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag that allows the identification and tracking of specific objects throughout the supply chain.
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History of the IoT
First Article about IoT in 2004 from MIT researchers called I0 (Internet 0).
In 2005, our important technologies of the internet of things was proposed in WSIS conference.
In 2008, first international conference of internet of things: The IOT 2008 was held at Zurich.
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History of the Internet of Things
By the late 2000s to early 2010s, organizations around the world were starting to become really excited about the Internet of Things – similar to how they’re getting enthusiastic about AI and machine learning today. The International Business Machine (IBM) corporation started to work on a Smarter Planet program, McKinsey began publishing studies on the condition of the Internet of Things technology, and in 2011, Cisco announced that the IoT was “born” around 2008 and 2009 when more machines or objects were linked to the web than there were people on the earth.
The Internet of Things (IoT) was originally most interesting to business and industrial development, where its usage is often referred to as machine-to-machine (M2M), but the focus has shifted on filling our homes and workplaces with smart devices, bringing benefits to almost everyone. As of right now, there are as many as 35 billion IoT devices installed all over the world - and the prospect by the end of 2021 is that the number will reach 46 billion.
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IoT Market
The Marketing of the Internet of Things Is Far Bigger Than Anyone Realizes
IoT is going to make everything in our lives from streetlights to cities “smart.”
The IoT market has made oversize by:
Growing potential of the related Technologies.
Growing potential in various applications.
Growing use by industries.
Growing use of advanced analytics, machine learning, artificial intelligent and innovative knowledges to make sense of amazing volumes of data from connected devices.
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https://www.wired.com/insights/2014/11/the-internet-of-things-bigger/
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Market estimates of IoT
Global Data, it is projected IoT Market to reach $318bn by 2023, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 20%.
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North America IoT market revenue by application, 2012 - 2022 (USD Billion)
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https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/iot-market
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North America IoT Market size
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Economy of the IoP and IoT
Internet Revolution
20% of economy is related to Internet of People (IoP)
New Digital Revolution
80% of the economy is related to Internet of Things (IoT), Mostly Industrial IoT (IIoT)
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Most IIoT investment
$0.7T in 2017, $1T in 2018
Forecasted impact: $10T/year by 2025
New Industrial Revolution - IIoT
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Internet of Things Market
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The IoT Market Size
Size of IoT 2023
Economic growth of IoT-based services is considerable for businesses.
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Examples of IoT
Depending on their usage, we divide IoT devices into four main categories: consumer, organizational, industrial, and infrastructure applications.
The consumer IoT refers to the dozens of personal devices, including smartphones, wearable technology, fashion products, and an increasing range of household appliances, that are linked to the internet, continuously gathering and distributing information.
In organizational settings, IoT is mostly widespread in the medical and facilities management field. Specifically, IoT devices are being used for remote monitoring and for creating emergency notification systems for people, buildings, and assets.
The COVID-19 pandemic has also urged the use of IoT for smart cleaning and smart occupancy so that workplaces of all types can return to the office with the help of technology.
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Examples of IoT
Industrial IoT (IIoT) brings devices, clouds, analytics, and people together to advance the execution and productivity of industrial processes. More specifically industrial IoT (IIoT) enables solutions such as equipment monitoring, predictive maintenance, condition monitoring, error detection, and much more.
Last, infrastructure IoT appliances enable monitoring and controlling operations of sustainable urban and rural infrastructures like bridges, railway tracks, and on and offshore wind farms.
These technologies help the construction industry by cost-saving, time optimization, better quality workday, paperless workflow, and an increase in productivity.
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Some of the IoT types
M2M: Machine to Machine is direct communication between devices using any communications channel, including wired and wireless
IoT: Inter-networking of physical devices, and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity which enable these objects to collect and exchange data.
IoE: The Internet of Everything is the intelligent connection of people, process, data and things.
IIoT: The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is the use of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in manufacturing.
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Some of the IoT types
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IoTE and EIoT
Internet of Things for Education (IoTE)
IoT devices give students better access to everything from learning materials to communication channels, and they give teachers the ability to measure student learning progress in real-time.
Enterprises Internet of Things for (EIoT)
Enterprise Internet of Things is the next advancement in technology that enables physical 'things' with embedded computing devices (tiny computers) to participate in business processes for reducing manual work and increasing overall business efficiency. ... The real value of enterprise IoT comes from data.
https://builtin.com/internet-things/iot-education-examples
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M2M VS IoT: Know the Difference
Machine to Machine is direct communication between devices using any communications channel, including wired and wireless.
Both M2M and IoT terms have been interchanged mistakably often.
M2M and IoT are not synonymous.
They are different solutions for the enterprise.
M2M and IoT primarily vary in terms of how they achieve connectivity, what they aim to connect, how scalable they are, and how data is utilized.
https://www.peerbits.com/blog/difference-between-m2m-and-iot.html
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What Is Internet of Everything (IoE)?
The IoE concept is based on the idea of all-round connectivity, intelligence and cognition.
It means that intelligent internet connections are not restricted by computers, tablets and smartphones (as used to be the case for the last couple of decades).
Any object can be equipped with digital features and connected to the common network of other objects, people and processes in order to generate valuable information, exchange it and facilitate relevant decision-making.
https://www.sam-solutions.com/blog/what-is-internet-of-everything-ioe/
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what is the IoE in simple terms?
The Internet of Everything is the connections between people, things, data and processes combined into a common interrelated system, the aim of which is to improve experiences and make smarter decisions.
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Examples of Internet of Everything (IoE)
Municipality systems can implement smart water and electricity meters for residents and commercial organizations in order to monitor usage rates and make decisions concerning economy and cutting costs.
The manufacturing industry can implement sensors for predictive maintenance into production to monitor equipment parts that need to be fixed or replaced. This helps eliminate downtime and reduce the fixing costs.
Logistics and delivery companies can introduce sensors and smart devices on trucks to optimize delivery conditions and possible routing. Eventually, companies can improve end-user satisfaction.
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IIoT – The 4th Industrial Revolution
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What is IIoT? The Industrial Internet of Things
The IIoT is part of a larger concept known as the Internet of Things (IoT).
The IIoT is a network of intelligent computers, devices, and objects that collect and share huge amounts of Industrial data.
https://inductiveautomation.com/resources/article/what-is-iiot
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About IoT and IIoT
www.stanford.edu/~gorin
IIoT
IT
IT
+
IoT
IT Is NOT IIoT
IT: Connected Low-cost end points devices!
IIoT: Connected Industrial High-cost Assets!
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IoT and Big Data
The Internet of Things Is Far Bigger Than Anyone Realizes IoT is going to make everything in our lives from streetlights to cities “smart.”
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IoT and Big Data
IoT technologies augmented with intelligent and big data analytics are expected to rapidly change the landscape of myriads of application domains ranging from health care to smart cities and industrial automations.
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IoT Features
The future IoT will be capable of connecting and communicating with almost all physical and virtual objects around us to the existing Internet.
The Internet of Things is a vision that entails connectivity among different physical and virtual objects in order to understand how the life would change when things, homes and cities become smart.
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What is the Future of IoT?
IoT is an integral part of the `future Internet’ and Metaverse that counsels individuals, public and private organizations, research and educational institutes about how the `smart things' can be active participants in business, information and social processes by interacting with themselves and with the environment.
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What is the Future of IoT?
Thus `smart Things are expected to exchange/process the sensed data, while reacting autonomously to the events with or without any human intervention and self configuring themselves.
3D Virtual Age will be a part of IoT!
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What is the Future of IoT?
We’re All Connected: IoT, Analytics and AI
Advanced analytics, including artificial intelligence (AI), is the way to harness value from the Internet of Things.
Data management, cloud and high-performance computing techniques help manage and analyze the influx of IoT data from Internet of Things sensors.
Insights from streaming analytics and AI underpin digital transformation efforts that result in better efficiency, convenience and security.
See how connected devices, analytics, AI and Metaverse on the Internet of Things can make our future world a better place to live.
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What is the Future of IoT?
With the ever-growing need for improvement and better accessibility, IoT estimates a dynamic future globally.
Introduction to 5G and Metaverse are proof of the oncoming bright future for IoT’s flexible and improved variants.
Assimilating the virtual world with reality through Metaverse is on its way, and IoT-based projects with source code are only a step away from joining hands to bring in digitally-driven physical devices.
Cellular IoT’s growth is another aspect market expects to see in the coming years to adopt remote monitoring across diverse fields, including agriculture and smart cities.
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Is IoT the Future of Virtual Marketing?
https://www.timesunionmedia.com/blog/is-the-future-of-marketing-virtual/
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Virtual Marketing is the use of online or digital techniques to achieve strategic marketing and sales objectives without resorting to traditional in-person marketing strategies such as networking at live events, face-to-face meetings, seminars or trade shows.
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UoNA-ST560-Fall-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Conclusion
The internet of things helps people live and work smarter, as well as gain complete control over their lives.
In addition to offering smart devices to automate homes, IoT is essential to business.
IoT helps us Know the precise quantity of supplies or the air quality in your home, it can also provide more data that could not have previously been possible to collect easily.
The Marketing of the Internet of Things Is Far Bigger Than Anyone Realizes!
IoT is going to make everything in our lives from streetlights to cities “smart.”
IoT will be one important parts of Metaverse!
Defining the Internet of Things isn’t easy
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UoNA-ST560-Fall-2022, Internet of Things (IoT)
Reading references
Internet of Things is a revolutionary approach for future technology enhancement: a review
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40537-019-0268-2.pdf
FUTURE AND CHALLENGES OF INTERNET OF THINGS
https://aircconline.com/ijcsit/V10N2/10218ijcsit02.pdf
The Industrial Internet of Things: An Evolution to a Smart Manufacturing Enterprise
https://www.mhi.org/media/members/15373/131111777451441650.pdf
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