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Tourism through the Ages

CHAPTER

Learning Objectives

Recognize the antiquity of human travel over vast distances on both sea and land.

Understand how these journeys have evolved from trips which were difficult and often dangerous to mass travel for millions today.

Learn about some of the great travelers in history who wrote astonishing accounts of exotic places they had visited.

Discover the many similarities in travel motivations, economic conditions, political situations, attractions, and tourist facilities during the time of the Roman Empire and that of today.

Why do so many people travel today?

People work less hours per week than they used to.

Most people have vacations/holidays from work; up-to 6 weeks.

People are living longer, healthier lives with more leisure time.

Higher standard of living + stable jobs = more disposable income

Better transportation – Cheaper, faster, safer, easier

Mass media – people learn about places through TV, internet and magazines.

Less travel restrictions between countries (Visas & costs)

Travel packages make buying and traveling easier for the tourist

Historic travelers

Early Beginnings

Invention of money ($) by the Sumerians and the development of trade – 4000 B.C.

Early cruises – organized and conducted in Egypt

After the construction of the Sphinx and Great Pyramids, many people traveled to see the great wonders (1600-1200 B.C.)

Travelers also acquired souvenirs!

It is believed Queen Hatshepsut made the first “cruise” journey for peace & tourism to Africa in 1480 B.C.

Historic travelers- Queen Hatshepsut

Historic travelers

Early Roads

The Wheel

Evidence of wheeled vehicles appears from the mid-4th millennium BC, near-simultaneously in Mesopotamia, Indus Valley (Moenjodaro), the Northern Caucasus (Maykop culture) and Central Europe

The Ljubljana Marshes wheel is a wooden wheel that was found in the Ljubljana Marshes some 20 km south of Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia, in 2002.

Radiocarbon dating, performed in the VERA laboratory (Vienna Environmental Research Accelerator) in Vienna, showed that it is approximately 5,150 years old

Historic travelers

Early Roads

Around 2050 B.C., evidence indicated the existence of carriage roads

Mesopotamian's and on the island of Crete, roads flourished 2000 to 1500 B.C.

Who traveled in ancient times?

The military, government officials and caravans

Impact of Roads?

Centralization of populations

Historic travelers

Early Roads – The Silk Road

The Silk Road includes routes through Syria, Turkey, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan and China.

Extending 4,000 miles (6,437 kilometres), the Silk Road gets its name from the lucrative Chinese silk trade which was carried out along its length, and began during the Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD).

Trade on the Silk Road was a significant factor in the development of the civilizations of China, the Indian subcontinent, Persia, Europe and Arabia.

Marco Polo – Traveled from Italy to China, 13th Century

Silk Road Trade Route

Historic travelers

Early Ships

Phoenicians- Phoenicia (modern Lebanon) is situated on the Mediterranean Sea

Historic travelers

Early Ships

Phoenicians- Phoenicia (modern Lebanon) is situated on the Mediterranean Sea

Chinese – noted for their travel 4000 years ago

Historic travelers

Early Ships

Phoenicians- Phoenicia (modern Lebanon) is situated on the Mediterranean Sea

Chinese – noted for their travel 4000 years ago

Polynesians – Covered Southeast Asia as far as Hawaii 2000 miles away

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

Great Pyramids of Egypt (including Sphinx)

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

Tomb of Mausolus at Halicarnassus

Statue of Zeus at Olympia

Collosus of Rhodes in the Harbor at Rhodes

Great Lighthouse (Pharos) in Alexandria, Egypt

Temple Artemis at Ephesus

Photo courtesy of PhotoDisc, Inc./Getty Images.

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

Name	Date of construction	Builder	Date of destruction	Cause of destruction	Modern location
Great Pyramid of Giza	2584–2561 BC	Egyptians	Still in existence		Giza Necropolis, Egypt
Hanging Gardens of Babylon	c. 600 BC (evident)	Babylonians	After 1st century BC	Earthquakes	Hillah, Babylon Province, Iraq or Nineveh, Nineveh Province, Iraq
Temple of Artemis at Ephesus	c. 550 BC; and again at 323 BC	Lydians, Greeks	356 BC (by Herostratus) AD 262 (by the Goths)	Arson by Herostratus, Plundering	near Selçuk, Izmir Province, Turkey
Statue of Zeus at Olympia	466–456 BC (Temple) 435 BC (Statue)	Greeks	5th–6th centuries AD	Disassembled; later destroyed by fire	Olympia, Greece
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus	351 BC	Carians, Greeks	by AD 1494	Earthquakes	Bodrum, Turkey
Colossus of Rhodes	292–280 BC	Greeks	226 BC	226 BC Rhodes earthquake	Rhodes, Greece
Lighthouse of Alexandria	c. 280 BC	Ptolemaic Egypt, Greeks	AD 1303–1480	1303 Crete earthquake	Alexandria, Egypt

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_the_Ancient_World

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

Great Pyramids of Egypt (including Sphinx)

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

Depiction

Ruins

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

Tomb of Mausolus at Halicarnassus

More here

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

Statue of Zeus at Olympia

More here

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

Colossus of Rhodes in the Harbor at Rhodes

More here

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

Great Lighthouse (Pharos) in Alexandria, Egypt

More here

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

Temple Artemis at Ephesus

More here

New Wonders of the World

The Great Wall of China

The ancient city of Petra in Jordan

The statue of Christ the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro

Machu Picchu in Peru

The Maya ruins of Chichen Itza in Mexico

The Colosseum in Rome

India’s Taj Mahal

Photo courtesy of the United Nations.

New Wonders of the World

The Great Wall of China

New Wonders of the World

The ancient city of Petra in Jordan

New Wonders of the World

The statue of Christ the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro

New Wonders of the World

Machu Picchu in Peru

New Wonders of the World

The Mayan ruins of Chichen Itza in Mexico

New Wonders of the World

The Coliseum in Rome

See video

New Wonders of the World

India’s Taj Mahal

Historic Transportation

Stagecoach Travel

Water Travel

Rail Travel

Automobile and Motor Coach Travel

Air Travel

Photo courtesy of Tuolumne County Visitors Bureau.

Historic Transportation

Stagecoach Travel

a type of covered wagon for passengers and goods. It is strongly sprung and drawn by four horses, usually four-in-hand.

made regular trips between stages or stations, which were places of rest provided for stagecoach travelers.

The business of running stagecoaches or the act of journeying in them was known as staging

Historic Transportation

Stagecoach Travel

Historic Transportation

Stagecoach Travel made it to the movies-1939

Historic Transportation

Water Travel

Historic Transportation

Rail Travel

Historic Transportation

Automobile and Motor Coach Travel

Historic Transportation

Air Travel

Air Travel – What happened?