M05 SHAKER AND AESTHETICS MOVEMENT chapters 40
Sara278
ch-41-PPTaccessible.pptxArchitecture and Interior Design: An Integrated History to the Present
First Edition
Chapter 41
Aesthetic Movement
1860s – 1890s
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
If this PowerPoint presentation contains mathematical equations, you may need to check that your computer has the following installed:
1) Math Type Plugin
2) Math Player (free versions available)
3) NVDA Reader (free versions available)
1
Aesthetic Movement
English movement that attempts to reform design by educating consumers about principles of Art
Not a single style, an attitude or philosophy
Draws upon many styles & cultures
Rejects idea of art having a higher or moral purpose
No division between fine & decorative arts
Principles of Art defined for interiors, furniture, textiles, accessories, even dress
Primarily focused on the home
Inspires Artistic interiors in England & the United States
Lasting only about 2 decades, has far reaching effects
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
2
Concepts
Good taste: careful planning based on educated knowledge of artistic principles & historic precedents
Emphasis on beauty & usefulness for all forms of fine & decorative arts, particularly the home
Elevates furnishing & decorating to high Art with greater purpose than mere fashion or conspicuous consumption
Each surface, object, pattern—an encounter with Art
Art for Art’s sake—art & beauty give pleasure in which one should indulge freely
Draws upon many sources & ideas; most are preindustrial
Greece, Rome, Middle Ages, vernacular, Japan, China, Near East
Fervently nationalistic—rejects anything French
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
3
41.1
“My Lady’s Chamber;” published in The House Beautiful” Essays on Beds, and Tables, Stools, and Candlesticks, 1878; Clarence Cook. Aesthetic Movement.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
41.2
Motifs: Sunflower decorative screen,1876, by Barnard, Bishop, and Barnards; England; and mantel lambrequin and decorative arts, c. 1870s-1890s. Aesthetic Movement.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Architecture
No specific architectural style associated with movement
Same time: Queen Anne & Old English in England & Queen Anne in North America
Many architects share Aesthetic Movement concerns
Inspires far reaching effects in architecture
New diversity in sources, such as Japan, vernacular traditions
New open planning, simplicity
Garden suburbs profoundly affect urban planning & landscape
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
6
Interiors
Main conveyors of Aesthetic Movement principles
Asymmetry, unity, harmony, contrast, simplicity (as defined in period), eclecticism
Tertiary colors; variety of patterns on walls, floors, ceilings, furniture, accessories; wood floors & area rugs; portières & banded curtains; furniture & accessories from various periods, style, cultures
Focus on home so adherents write numerous decorating advice books for homeowners
Architects, decorating firms, department stores help too
Pattern subject of numerous discussions of best types
1870s-1880s Japan & Aesthetic Movement synonymous
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
41.3
Green Dining Room, 1867; in the Victoria and Albert Museum, South Kensington, London, England; Philip Webb. Aesthetic Movement.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
41.4
Veteran’s Room in the Seventh Regiment Armory, 1879-1880; New York, New York; interiors by Louis Comfort Tiffany and Associated Artists and building by Charles V. Clinton. Aesthetic Movement.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
41.5
Japanese bedroom, Dr. William A. Hammond House, 1873, New York, New York; published in Artistic Houses, 1883. Aesthetic Movement.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
41.6a
Dining Room, Frederick Leyland House, 1876-1877; London, England; Thomas Jeckyll and James A. M. Whistler. Aesthetic Movement.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Long Description:
A room has glided imitation vaulting with pendant lighting. It has shelving for oriental porcelain, Princesse de la pays du porcelain, painting by whistler, and shelving for porcelain in the mantel area. Fire-place has sunflower andirons, an anglo-Japanese sideboard, and black and gold-framed dining chairs. Geometric patterned area rug on the floor.
11
41.6b
Dining Room (Peacock Room), Frederick Leyland House (now in the Freer Gallery, Washington, D. C.), 1876-1877; London, England; Thomas Jeckyll and James A. M. Whistler. Aesthetic Movement.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Long Description:
A room has covered the walls with wall hangings, a heraldic device, the open pomegranate, and a series of roses with Tudor- roses, an intricate lattice framework of engraved spindled walnut shelves. To the south of the room, a walnut welsh dresser was placed in the center, just below the empty leather panel, and flanked on both sides by the framework shelves. On the east side, three tall windows parted the room overlooking a private park and full-length walnut shutters. To the north, a fireplace hung the painting that served as the focal point. The ceiling has pendant paneled Tudor-style, eight globed pendant gas light fixtures, placed a rug with a red border on the floor.
12
41.7
Design for a drawing room, plate no. 35; published in Examples of Ancient and Modern Furniture, Metalwork, Tapestries, Decoration, 1876; Bruce J. Talbert. Aesthetic Movement.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
41.8
Japanese Room, W. H. Vanderbilt House, 1879-1882; New York, New York; published in Artistic Houses, 1883; Charles B. Atwood at Herter Brothers. Aesthetic Movement.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Long Description:
The Japanese room in New York has a spacious doorway with a motif panel at the door and a screen hanging, a ceiling with panel lines, and stretchers. A room has a table, chairs, antique utensils, hanging lights, the scenery at the top of the door, and sculptures at the corner.
14
41.9
Dining room, Louis Comfort Tiffany apartment; published in Artistic Houses, 1883; Louis Comfort Tiffany. Aesthetic Movement.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
41.10
Ceiling paper and wallpaper, 1876-1880s; England; top: ceiling paper by Walter Crane; from left: wallpapers by Jeffery and Company, Bruce J. Talbot and Edward W. Godwin. Aesthetic Movement.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
41.11
Window treatment; published in Needlecraft Artistic and Practical, 1890. Aesthetic Movement.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
41.12
Textiles: Butterfly brocade furnishings fabric and Victorian crazy quilt or slumber throw; United States; fabric by Edward W. Godwin. Aesthetic Movement.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
41.13
Lighting: Wall sconce and chandelier, Seventh Regiment Armory, 1879-1880; New York, New York; interiors by Louis Comfort Tiffany and Associated Artists. Aesthetic Movement.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Furnishings and Decorative Arts
Shuns historical revival styles & suites of furniture
Strives for more personal expression, new informality
Furniture of different periods, styles, cultures
Rooms cluttered despite emphasis on simplicity
Art Furniture—initially designed by architects & artists with honest craftsmanship; later manufactured
Slender, turned or quadrangular legs; spindle supports & uprights; brackets; shelves; ebonized, black or green stains; coved panels; mirrors; gilding, incising, painted decoration
Anglo-Japanese—asymmetry; solid-void balance; brackets; fretwork; faux bamboo; dark finishes; spindles, Japanese motifs
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
41.14
Armchair based on one in Hints on Household Taste by Charles Locke Eastlake, c. 1860-1890s; England. Aesthetic Movement.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
41.15
Table, c. 1890s; United States. Aesthetic Movement.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
41.16
Anglo-Japanese cabinet, c. 1860s-1880s. Aesthetic Movement.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Long Description:
The cabinet is predominantly bonded with maple or satinwood, a theme restated in the checkerboard veneer on the legs. The cabinets are disparate decorative elements, like the glided screen. Bestial or ornithological presence at the top of the pieces, the carved floral panels and frets, and bell-shaped appendages on the top. The scalloped ruff around the griffins' necks, fringe on the post of the two-paneled screen.
23
41.17
Anglo-Japanese sideboard, c. 1867; England; Edward W. Godwin. Aesthetic Movement.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Long Description:
The sideboard has a display area at the center. An ebonized surface and structural form are in detail by Japanese architecture. An emphasis on straight lines, rectangular shapes, and solid and void relationships. An embossed panel of Japanese leather paper and a display area at the top.
24
41.18
Anglo-Japanese drawing room furniture, 1877; Plate 8 in William Watt’s Catalogue of Art Furniture; London, England; Edward W. Godwin. Aesthetic Movement.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Long Description:
The music wagon has drawers and many shelves. The writing table has drawers and a flat top. The wing cabinet has cupboards at the bottom, and drawers and elongated shelves on the top. The ladies drawing room easy chair has an arched back and semicircular armrests. The sofa has a flat back and armrests with geometrical patterns. The coffee table has cupboards and a slanting top.
25
41.19
Cabinet and secretary in ebonized cherry with gilded woods, c. 1880-1882; New York, New York; Herter Brothers. Aesthetic Movement.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Long Description:
The cabinet is predominantly bonded of maple or satinwood, a theme restated in the checkerboard veneer on the legs. The cabinets are disparate decorative elements, like the glided screen. Bestial or ornithological presence at the top of the pieces, the carved floral panels and frets, and bell-shaped appendages on the legs. The scalloped ruff around the griffins' necks, fringe on the post of the three-paneled screen.
26
41.20
Screen; London, England; exhibited at the Centennial International Exhibition, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 1876. Aesthetic Movement.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
41.21
Decorative Arts: Cameo glass vase and majolica jardinière, late 19th century; England. Aesthetic Movement.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Long Description:
The very finely made vase has a narrow rounded foot with a round body and a narrow neck with a glass-shaped top. The vase combines light and darker terracotta clays, is unglazed, and has a stylized colored slip floral and scroll design. The vase has various incised and impressed marks on the base.
28
Copyright
This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted. The work and materials from it should never be made available to students except by instructors using the accompanying text in their classes. All recipients of this work are expected to abide by these restrictions and to honor the intended pedagogical purposes and the needs of other instructors who rely on these materials.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
29
