Chapter 12
Sara278
ch-19-PPTaccessible.pptxArchitecture and Interior Design: An Integrated History to the Present
First Edition
Chapter 19
English Restoration
1660-1702
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English Restoration
Restoration of monarchy brings major changes
Foreign influences replace Elizabethan & Jacobean styles in architecture, interiors, & furnishings
Architecture wholeheartedly adopts classicism
Influenced by Italian Renaissance, French or Italian Baroque, Dutch Palladianism, or Inigo Jones
Interiors—exuberantly Baroque or subdued classical with three-dimensional wood carving or plasterwork
Furniture—Baroque design elements & principles
French influence or Dutch curving silhouettes
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Concepts
Eclectic, dominated by foreign influences
Baroque comes with Italian craftsmen; English architects &
designers visiting Italy; Charles
& his nobles; Huguenot
craftsmen
Stimulate some elaboration or exuberance
Conditions not conducive to a Baroque—no Catholic Church or absolute monarchy
Most common—subdued, restrained, conservative Baroque
Dutch-like character from trade or craftsmen who emigrate with William & Mary
Sir Christopher Wren creates more elaborate Baroque
Conservative & elaborate used to express power & wealth
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Architecture
Form & details defined by rational classicism with some Baroque elements
Classical elements, large scale, symmetry, center emphasis, advancing & receding planes, some curves
Never as plastic as Italy or as grand as France
Sir Christopher Wren introduces Baroque concepts & motifs
Most Baroque work for royal family
Most creative—city churches, London
Sir John Vanbrugh & Nicholas Hawksmoor create most obvious Baroque in country houses, city churches
Sir Roger Pratt introduces rectangular block house
Becomes standard Georgian house in England& America
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19.1
Architectural Detail: Carved panel detail, c. 1670; England. English Restoration.
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19.2a
S. Mary-le-Bow, Cheapside and floor plan, 1670-1677; London, England; Sir Christopher Wren. English Restoration.
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19.2b
S. Mary-le-Bow, Cheapside, nave, 1670-1677; London, England; Sir Christopher Wren. English Restoration.
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19.3a
S. Paul’s Cathedral, 1675-1710; London, England; Sir Christopher Wren. English Restoration.
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Saint Paul’s Cathedral has a steeple with classical details, a large dome, clerestory windows, Balustrade, classical figure, medallion shape typical of Wren, pediment, plasters define bays, classical portico with temple emphasizes center, columns spanning two stories, classical arch, large-scale building, and symmetrical composition with the layering of architectural features to achieve depth.
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19.3b
S. Paul’s Cathedral, floor plan, 1675-1710; London, England; Sir Christopher Wren. English Restoration.
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19.3c
S. Paul’s Cathedral, nave 1675-1710; London, England; Sir Christopher Wren. English Restoration.
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19.4
Coleshill and floor plan, c. 1650 (destroyed by fire 1952); Oxfordshire, England; Sir Roger Pratt. English Restoration.
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19.5
Belton House, 1684-1686; Lincolnshire, England; house by William Stanton. English Restoration.
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19.5b
19-5. Belton House, floor plan, 1684-1686; Lincolnshire, England; house by William Stanton. English Restoration.
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Long Description:
It shows rooms like a Kitchen, Chapel room, withdrawing room, Parlor room, Marble hall, Saloon, school room bed chamber, great staircase, chapel drawing room, and closet.
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19.5c
Belton House, drawing room, 1684-1686; Lincolnshire, England; carving by Grinling Gibbons. English Restoration.
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Long Description:
The drawing room of the Belton house has a beautiful compartment ceiling with heavy molding. Belton house drawing room is decorated with Walnut paneling with beveled edges and it has wood carving by Grinling Gibbons. Belton's house drawing room has a portrait over the mantel with a display of Oriental porcelain. Bolection molding surrounds fireplace opening to create mantel; major emphasis in chimneypiece. Drawing room flooring is heavily scaled with a rugged pattern.
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19.6a (1 of 2)
Blenheim Palace, 1705-1724; Oxfordshire, England; Sir John Vanbrugh and Nicholas Hawksmoor. English Restoration.
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19.6a (2 of 2)
Blenheim Palace, saloon, 1705-1724; Oxfordshire, England; Sir John Vanbrugh and Nicholas Hawksmoor. English Restoration.
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Interiors
Conservative & extravagant interiors
Conservative—somber, unostentatious classicism
Human scale, restraint, repose
Classical details, wall paneling, compartmentalized plaster ceilings, wood floors
Wood carving most common decoration—staircases, paneling, windows, doors, chimneypieces
Extravagant—express power & wealth
Large scale, wall & ceiling paintings in vivid colors, complexity, plasterwork & woodcarving with gilding
Executed by foreign craftsmen
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19.8
Queen’s Antechamber (Blue Drawing Room), Ham House, 1673-1683; Surrey England. English Restoration.
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The Queen’s Antechamber drawing room has paintings displayed on the wall and a few decorative items around the paintings. Apart from that, it has a table, chair, and a door. The ceiling has a pleasant floral pattern and unique design on all sides of the ceilings.
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19.9a
Stair hall, Sudbury Hall, c. 1676; Derbyshire, England; carving by Edward Pierce; plasterwork by Robert Bradbury. English Restoration.
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Stair hall, Sudbury Hall staircase is decorated with beautiful carvings with paintings, and the wall is painted different shapes of photo frames. The ceiling has a pleasant floral pattern and unique design on all sides of the ceilings.
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19.9b
Stair hall, Sudbury Hall, c. 1676; Derbyshire, England; carving by Edward Pierce; plasterwork by Robert Bradbury; ceiling painting by Louis Laguerre. English Restoration.
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Stair hall, Sudbury hall is a big hall decorated with beautiful carvings and the ceiling has two lanterns. The ceiling is oval shaped painting with carvings around the painting.
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Furnishings and Decorative Arts
Furniture transforms during period
Nobles’ desire for luxury, refinement, new forms, finer cabinetwork
French, Dutch, Oriental influences
Walnut but more veneers, carving, lacquer
New pieces: easie chairs, settees
Charles
Carolean or Stuart (1660-1689)—rectilinear
forms, S & C scrolls, turning, exuberant & abundant carving
William & Mary (1660-1689)—more conservative; Dutch influence in curving silhouette, cabriole & trumpet legs; spoon backs & splats; Spanish & pied-de-biche feet
Also Louis
types
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19.10
Charles
walnut armchairs, c. late 17th century; England.
English Restoration.
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19.11
William and Mary side chair with spoon back, cabriole legs and pied-de-biche feet, late 17th or early 18th century; England. English Restoration.
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William's and Mary's side chair crest rail and the splat have a special design on the chair. The slip seat of the chair has a good cushion and the legs of the chair have cabriole legs. The Knee of the chair has a curve design.
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19.12
William and Mary dressing table, late 17th century; England. English Restoration.
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19.13
Cabinet on stand with turned legs and marquetry, 17th century; England. English Restoration.
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19.14
Chest of Drawers, 1680-1685; England. English Restoration.
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19.15
William and Mary japanned double-hooded desk and bookcase; 17th century; England. English Restoration.
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