Architecture and Design Greece assignment
Rayan29
ch-05-PPTaccessible.pptxArchitecture and Interior Design: An Integrated History to the Present
First Edition
Chapter 5
Greece 1000 – 146 B.C.E.; Golden Age in the 5th Century
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
If this PowerPoint presentation contains mathematical equations, you may need to check that your computer has the following installed:
1) Math Type Plugin
2) Math Player (free versions available)
3) NVDA Reader (free versions available)
1
Greece
Greek sources of design inspiration: art, architecture, literature, philosophy, music
Language & grammar in architecture, interiors, furniture, decorative arts
Copied by successive generations
Greek (and Roman) elements & forms dominate Western architecture & furnishings until 20th century
No other culture (except Rome) has had more impact on Western architecture, interiors, furniture, decorative arts
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
2
Concepts
Search for ideal, perfect proportions, distribution of forms & parts
Attributes that contribute to & enhance ideal image
Classical period (5th century B.C.E.) a golden age
Model for classical language of form, order, proportion in architecture, interiors
Form: temple most common
Order: relationship of parts to whole, articulation of parts
Proportion: relates to human body
“Man the measure of all things,” Protagoras (c. 480-410 B.C.E)
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
3
Characteristics and Motifs
Archaic (c. 600 - 475 B.C.E): origin of monumental stone architecture
Ionic and Doric orders, common forms & vocabulary
Classical (c. 475 - 323 B.C.E.): search for perfection culminates in Doric temples
Corinthian order; fully developed architectural vocabulary
Few innovations, mostly evolutions
Hellenistic (323 - 30 B.C.E.): deviations from classical forms & proportions
New building types, variations of capitals, more ornament
Motifs: acanthus, anthemion, palmette, wave, honeysuckle, rosette, rinceau, fret or key, guilloche, dentil, egg & dart, griffin, sphinx, chimera
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
4
5.2
Motifs and Architectural Details: Top left: Acanthus plant, anthemion, palmette and egg and dart; Top right: fret, wave, guilloche, antifix. Greece.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Architecture
Formal, refined, human proportions, monumental scale, symmetry, ordered spatial arrangements
Structural members create building form
Logical, rational; reflect natural harmony
Articulated parts relate to each other & whole
Repose, horizontality, symmetry, stability, clarity
Proportional systems, numerical relationships, geometry
Forms repeated, planned transitions
Optical refinements
Classical: elements & attributes of Greek & Roman architecture
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
6
5.3
Doric order. Greece.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
7
5.4
Ionic order and architectural details with color applied. Greece.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Long Description:
The ionic order is divided into entablature on the top, and column at the bottom. The entablature has Cornice, Frieze, Architrave, and capital. The cornice has cymatium, cyma reversa, corona, ovolo, dentils, and cyma reversa. The architrave has fillet, cyma reversa, upper fascia, and lower fascia. The capital has an abacus, echinus, and volute. The column has a base and a shaft. The base has a torus and plinth. The ionic order is on the stylobate.
8
5.5
Corinthian order. Greece.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
5.6
Architectural moldings: (a) fillet; (b) scotia; (c) cyma recta; (d) cavetto; (e) bead; (f) torus; (g) ovolo or egg and dart; (h) cyma reversa; (i) hawk’s beak. Greece.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Long Description 1:
The fillet has a horizontal rectangle bar with a right-angle turn. (b) The scotia has a rectangular surface with a concave end on the right. (c) The cyma recta have a concave upper part and a convex lower part. (d) The cavetto is a concave molding with a quarter circle or quarter ellipse. (e) The repetitive beads have alternative arrangements of oval-shaped beads and circular rings.
Long Description 2:
(f) The torus is a large molding of convex profile as the lowest molding in the base of a column. (g) The ovolo or egg and dart have a fundamental quarter-round, convex ovolo profile of alternating details on the face of the ovolo. (h) The cyma reversa has a convex upper section and a concave lower section. (i) Hawk’s beak: The design on the right end resembles a hawk’s beak.
10
5.7
Acropolis and site plan (reconstructed view); 5th century B.C.E., Athens, Greece.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Long Description:
It depicts the elevation of the acropolis and has Nite temple, propylaea, Statue of Athena promachos, the sanctuary of Artemis Brauronia, Chalcotheca, the precinct of terrace walls, and Mycenean fortification. Two scales are indicated; one ranges from 0 to 40 to 80 meters and the other ranges from 0 to 60 to 300 feet.
11
5.8a
Parthenon, 448-432 B.C.E.; Ictinus and Callicrates; Acropolis, Athens, Greece.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Long Description:
The Parthenon has an antefix on the top side wall. The pediment is on the front top face. The cornice, frieze, and architrave are sequenced from top to the bottom. The series of numerous doric columns support the portico. The stylobate is under the columns. The peristyle is on the side.
12
5.8b
Parthenon cutaway view and naos, 448-432 B.C.E.; Ictinus and Callicrates; Acropolis, Athens, Greece.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
5.8c
Temple of Athena Nike (reconstructed view), c. 424 B.C.E., Callicrates; Acropolis, Athens, Greece.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
5.8d
Porch of the Maidens, Erectheion, c. 406 B.C.E.; Acropolis, Athens, Greece.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
5.9
Choragic Monument of Lysicrates, c. 334 B.C.E; Athens, Greece.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
5.10
Model of an ancient Greek farmhouse and floor plan, house c. 4th century; Priene, present-day Turkey. Greece.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Interiors
Public interiors connect to architecture
Architectural elements (columns), proportions, materials, colors
Few surviving interiors
Especially residences
Information: archaeology, literature, vase paintings, reliefs, statuettes
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
18
5.12
Lighting: Candelabra. Greece.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Furnishings And Decorative Arts
Little survives
Examples from vase paintings, grave steles, terra-cotta reliefs, sculpture, theaters
Function important, limited ornament
Some evidence of search for perfection in some pieces
Rooms sparsely furnished
Few types: seating, tables, storage, beds
Greek innovations: klismos, rectangular legs, some table forms, couches for sleeping or reclining at meals
Klismos most often copied or adapted later
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
20
5.13
Klismos from a vase painting and the Grave Stele of Hegeso, end of 5th century B.C.E. Greece.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
5.14
Stools. Greece.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
5.15
Couches with rectangular legs, tables and throne with turned legs. Greece.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
23
5.16
Decorative Arts: Red-figured pelike vase showing couches and tables and Greek vases: (a) amphora (storing wine); (b) hydria (water jar); (c) amphora; (d) kantharos (drinking cup); (e) kylix (mixing wine and water); (f) bell krater (vessel for mixing; (g) volute krater. Greece.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Long Description:
(a) The amphora has a narrow bottom and handles on the neck. (b) The hydria has a wide body, a nozzle on the neck with holding sticks on the body. (c) The Kantharos has a tapered bottom and handles connect with the mouth and the body. (d) has two raised handles above the mouth, and hipped bottom. (e) The Kylix has a flat circular body with a hipped leg and holding sticks on the left and the right body. (f) The bell krater has flipped mouth, human paintings on the body, holding sticks, and hipped bottom. (g) The volute krater has raised handles on the left and the right above the mouth, the handles have human faces.
24
Copyright
This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted. The work and materials from it should never be made available to students except by instructors using the accompanying text in their classes. All recipients of this work are expected to abide by these restrictions and to honor the intended pedagogical purposes and the needs of other instructors who rely on these materials.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
25
