| Items |
Definitions |
| Author(s) last name, All initial(s) |
If an author has multiple names listed, or a middle initial, then you will need both for each of the authors. Please note that APA 7 .0 requires that all of the authors’ names are needed for the reference, so this field can be fairly large. Be sure to spell names accurately. |
| Publication date |
Review APA for whether you need the actual full date (i.e. Month, day, year) or just the year. Typically, website or news articles use the full date, where as scholarly articles use the year only. APA will provide guidance. (For example, see items 15, 16, 17, and 18 in Chapter 10 of APA 7.0, which use the full date instead of just the year). |
| Title of article or chapter |
Titles are placed into references without title case. So, write it here using proper case. The first word is title case (i.e., The not the), any word after a colon or period is also title case. The rest of the words are lowercase (unless they are proper nouns). |
| Book title |
Titles are placed into references without title case. So, write it here using proper case. The first word is title case (i.e., The not the), any word after a colon or period is also title case. The rest of the words are lowercase (unless they are proper nouns). |
| Journal title |
Titles are placed into references without title case. So, write it here using proper case. The first word is title case (i.e., The not the), any word after a colon or period is also title case. The rest of the words are lowercase (unless they are proper nouns). |
| Database |
Include the database, search engine, or location from which you found the article. This is good to keep track of in case you are looking for it again and cannot recall how you accessed it; it will also help you with your Literature Review where you list out all of the databases and search engines you used to find articles. |
| URL or Library permalink |
Include the live link to where you found the article or library permalink. While you typically will not use this in your reference, it will be handy for you to use to refind the article if needed. If there is no DOI for the article, but it is available online, then, depending on the type of article, you might use the link in your reference. APA gives guidance on the rules in their handbook. Having it here is helpful. Note that you do not put protected (i.e. secured by a password or log-in requirement) URLs in your references. Thus, Capella Library permalinks would never show up in your reference list. |
| DOI |
Use the currently approved method of properly writing a doi as per the most up to date Capella adopted form of APA. |
| Course |
What course are you in where you found the article? Just list it here. This is helpful if you forget later and want to remind yourself where you studied the particular article. |
| Problem |
See the "Business Problem" formative for this. What is the problem statement in the article? What problem are the authors investigating, researching, or studying? |
| Summary (what is it about?) |
Include the FINDINGS of the study! Do not simply copy the abstract here. That is plagiarism and it will lead to accidental or inadvertent (or purposeful!) academic dishonesty. Be sure to paraphrase using your own words in this section. Get into this IMPORTANT habit now, so that you can trust your content later that it will not create a problem for you if you use your words in your own writings. |
| Reference list entry (APA) |
Please review APA for their requirements on references. Write it correctly here and then you can use this to quickly create reference lists for your work. |
| Keyword search |
Get in the habit of keeping track of the search terms you use to find articles. Using Google Scholar linked to the Capella Library is a great place to start practicing. Database searches are more complicated and you should schedule time with a Capella Librarian to practice how to use the databases. |
| Theory |
What theory or concepts are used in the article? Typically, this will only be used if your article is scholarly. |
| Model |
Is there a model or models (processes, steps, etc.) being discussed in the literature? If so, name it and explain how it was used here. |
| Framework |
Was a particular framework discussed in the literature? If so, describe, name it, and attribute it if the article did. |
| Analysis (strengths and weaknesses compared to other studies) |
Describe your own thoughts as to how well the article was written, researched, and presented. For example, did you find it credible? Why or why not? Did you feel like the statistical analysis was done well, accurately, or did you see errors? Give your own thoughts on whether you would trust the article to use it as the foundation of a study YOU were going to do later. |
| Method |
Was this qualitative, quantitative, or a mixed methods (or other) study? |
| Design |
What technique or design was used? Delphi? Correlation? Regression? Experimental? Time-longitudinal? (….) |
| Research ?s |
You can copy paste here. What were the research questions used in the study? Hypothesis are not required unless you found them helpful or intriguing. Sometimes authors use propositions instead - you can use those here if you find them helpful. |
| Population |
Who were the participants in the study? |
| Sample |
How many participants were in the study? |
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