Assessment

CECS CD003 Culture and Language and Its Influence on Development

Short Answer Assessment Submission Form

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Instructions

This component of your competency assessment requires written short-answer responses to a series of activities. This document is your tool for capturing your response to each question.

You will find the short answer prompts below. After each prompt, you will be provided a space to enter your response. Directly beneath that space is the Rubric which will be used by the Competency Assessor to evaluate your response. We recommend you review each question’s Rubric carefully to provide a complete response.

To begin writing your response, begin typing where it reads “Click Here to Enter Text.”

Save this file as CD003_firstinitial_lastname, and upload it to this assignment within the learning platform.

Your responses should:

1. Reflect the criteria provided in the Rubric

2. Follow the conventions of scholarly writing as presented in the Writing Checklist

3. Adhere to the 2-3 paragraphs limit for each question

Short Answer 1

Explain the difference between surface and deep culture. In your response, include an explanation of why it is important for early childhood professionals to learn more about children’s deep culture.

Your Response

Culture is defined as the inclusion of all aspects of our lives which categorizes us into different groups. Deep cultures and surface cultures are the unobservable and observable aspects of culture respectively. Deep culture is the culture that exists just below the surface and they involve attitudes and feelings we adopt as part of an existing culture while surface culture refers the norms that are tangible and they are associated with a certain culture and these are the norms that we are aware and we can see. Early childhood professionals should learn a child’s deep culture in order to boost the child’s self-confidence and skills simultaneously improving their academic achievement. The learning of deep culture would enhance professionals to increase the child’s appreciation, awareness and include their diverse beliefs and cultures.

Rubric

	0 Not Present	1 Needs Improvement	2 Meets Expectations	3 Exceeds Expectations
Sub-Competency 1: Explain the concept of culture, including surface and deep culture, and how it influences children's development and learning.
Learning Objective 1.1: Explain the differences between surface and deep culture.	Explanation is not present.	Response vaguely or incompletely defines surface and deep culture using details. Response includes an inadequate or vague explanation of differences between overt levels of culture most often responded to and more essential covert (deep) levels.	Response clearly defines surface and deep culture. Response includes a clear explanation of differences between overt levels of culture most often responded to and more essential covert (deep) levels.	Demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the following: Response includes specific examples of differences between overt levels of culture most often responded to and more essential covert (deep) levels.

Short Answer 2

Describe how cultural contexts influence the social-emotional and cognitive domains of child development. Provide two examples to support your description.

Your Response

The cultural contexts will influence the way a child develops their language. The kind of language that a child will develop will depend on the culture where the child comes from. This is because the content that people talk about varies from culture to culture and the kind of language also differs. An example would be where Japanese parents ensure their children have mastered the language by the age of 5 and they are able to communicate effectively with other people. The ability of the child to interact socially will also be affected by the culture where they come from. For example Chinese parents interact closely with their children in an authoritative manner and they demand obedience from their children. This will often lead to obedient children that are respectful to not only their parents but other people as well.

Rubric

	0 Not Present	1 Needs Improvement	2 Meets Expectations	3 Exceeds Expectations
Sub-Competency 2: Explain how children develop in cultural contexts.
Learning Objective 2.1: Describe the impact of cultural contexts on children’s development and learning.	Description is missing.	Response vaguely or incompletely describes the connection between cultural contexts and the social-emotional and cognitive domains of child development.	Response clearly describes the connection between cultural contexts and the social-emotional and cognitive domains of child development. Response includes two specific examples to support the description.	Demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the following: Response is supported by current research that describes the impact of cultural contexts on children’s development and learning.

Short Answer 3

Describe at least two classroom strategies that can foster the development of dual- language learners.

Your Response

Promoting a positive and welcoming environment will be important in promoting development of dual-language learners. A positive and respective working environment would make the children feel confident, comfortable, and motivated. This environment can be achieved by getting children to learn each other’s name and their meanings. The professional may also learn the background and the families of the children to create a rapport.

Promoting positive relationships between the dual-language learners and other students would encourage them to learn faster and therefore increase the rate of their development. Creating cultural and linguistic activities that focus on the students’ intellectual strength would be a fundamental exercise to support this strategy. The strategy can also be achieved by pairing the dual-language learners with more linguistically advanced students on activities such as building using blocks.

Rubric

	0 Not Present	1 Needs Improvement	2 Meets Expectations	3 Exceeds Expectations
Sub-Competency 4: Describe approaches to fostering dual language development and learning.
Learning Objective 4.1: Describe research-based strategies that support the development of dual language learners.	Description is missing.	Response vaguely or incompletely describes strategies that foster the development of dual language learners. Response includes a vague or illogical rationale for the chosen strategy or strategies.	Response clearly describes two research-based strategies that foster the development of dual language learners. Response includes a clear rationale for the chosen strategies.	Demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the following:   Response describes more than two research-based strategies that foster the development of dual language learners.

View the following interview with two Congolese parents about their experience as an immigrant family, and then answer questions 4 – 7.

· Darragh, J. (2013). 10 ngeno story [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n4bp-VlN04w

Short Answer 4

Describe at least two unique elements of this family’s cultural experience that teachers and caregivers would need to understand in order to foster the development and learning of the children in this family.

The family are not native English speakers and the teachers and caregivers may be of great help to their children in the fostering the development and learning. Since the children are at a young age, the early childhood professionals should make an effort to observe the children’s unique behavior and respond accordingly. The children should receive undivided attention through strategies like watching the child’s nonverbal behavior to understand what the child is implying. Through this strategy the students would acquire self-confidence and catalyze their development.

The teachers would also need to learn that the children are from a country that is greatly impacted by political conflicts and wars and help them recover from the trauma. For the children to overcome the past, the teachers should formulate an effective strategy. The teachers should encourage different modes of expression whether it is through the children’s drawing, gestures, or writing.

Your Response

Enter Your Response Here

Rubric

	0 Not Present	1 Needs Improvement	2 Meets Expectations	3 Exceeds Expectations
Sub-Competency 2: Explain how children develop in cultural contexts.
Learning Objective 2.2: Describe unique elements of children and families’ cultural experiences and how they impact development and learning.	Description is missing.	Response describes general or partially relevant examples of the family’s cultural experiences. Response provides a vague or incomplete explanation of how early childhood professional’s understanding of children and families’ cultural experiences can foster development and learning.	Response describes two specific examples of the family’s cultural experiences. Response provides a clear explanation of how early childhood professional’s understanding of children and families’ cultural experiences can foster development and learning.	Demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the following: Response describes the potential consequences of not understanding a family's cultural experiences.

Short Answer 5

Explain the importance of culture in child development. Describe how the children in the video serve as an illustration of Head Start Principle One: Every individual is rooted in culture (Office of Head Start, 2018).

Reference: Office of Head Start. (2018). Principle one: Every individual is rooted in culture. In Revisiting and updating the multicultural principles for head start programs for head start programs serving children ages birth to five (pp. 11–19). Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from https://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/principle-01-english.pdf

Your Response

Culture is important in child development since as they develop and learn they are increasingly exposed to information which include rules on how to use objects, the acceptable and unacceptable behaviors and how they relate with others. The culture in the development of a baby provides a long-term effect on the baby’s thinking, living and learning as he or she grows. The children in the video illustrate that the culture is fundamental in their growth and how they relate with others. They give an example where the American culture allows the children to express their feelings to what they desire while in the African culture, children should first live how they are instructed by their parents. This concurs with the Head Start Principle One where the different children’s culture has a great impact in their development.

Rubric

	0 Not Present	1 Needs Improvement	2 Meets Expectations	3 Exceeds Expectations
Sub-Competency 1: Explain the concept of culture, including surface and deep culture, and how it influences children's development and learning.
Learning Objective 1.2: Explain the importance culture in child development.	Explanation is missing.	Response vaguely or incompletely explains the importance of culture in child development. Response demonstrates a vague or incomplete understanding of Head Start Principle One.	Response clearly explains the importance of culture in child development. Response clearly explains how Head Start Principle One applies to the children in this family	Demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the following: Response provides a relevant personal or professional example to illustrate Head Start Principle One.

Short Answer 6

Describe at least one strategy teachers or caregivers could use to become aware of factors within themselves that might result in bias or cultural discontinuity. Describe how cultural bias or cultural discontinuity, from a caregiver or educator, could affect the learning and development of the children in this family.

Your Response

One of the strategies that can lead to awareness of cultural bias would be to learn about other cultures and what they find to be offensive and what is okay to them. This strategy would ensure that the caregivers learn about the different cultures and their dos and don’ts. While learning the cultural differences, the educators would be keen on their statements made in the classroom and ensure that they do not differ with either culture. For example, if the educator of the children from the video advocates for a man and a lady to stay together before marriage, it would lead to a cultural difference from the culture in Congo. The parent believe that for such an incidence to happen the couple must be lawfully married and it is not a topic of discussion according to them. If the educator has not inquired from the other cultural beliefs, the children’s mindset may change hence result to cultural discontinuity.

Rubric

	0 Not Present	1 Needs Improvement	2 Meets Expectations	3 Exceeds Expectations
Sub-Competency 3: Explain the impact of cultural discontinuity on children's development.
Learning Objective 3.1: Describe strategies that lead to awareness of cultural bias or discontinuity.	Description is missing. contribute to one’s own awareness	Response vaguely or inappropriately describes one strategy that contributes to awareness of cultural bias or cultural discontinuity. Response includes an incomplete or illogical rationale for the chosen strategy.	Response clearly describes one strategy that contributes to awareness of cultural bias or cultural discontinuity. Response includes a clear rationale for the chosen strategy or strategies.	Demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the following: Response describes more than one strategy that contributes to awareness of cultural bias or cultural discontinuity.
Learning Objective 3.2: Describe the impact of cultural bias or discontinuity on young children and their families.	Description is missing.	Response vaguely or incompletely describes how cultural bias or discontinuity can impact children and families. Response includes partially relevant or vague examples that show how cultural bias and discontinuity can impact the development and learning of young children and their families.	Response clearly describes how cultural bias or discontinuity can impact children and families. Response includes two examples that show how cultural bias and discontinuity can impact the development and learning of young children and their families.	Demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the following: Response includes more than two clear examples that show how cultural bias and discontinuity can impact the development and learning of young children and their families.

Short Answer 7

As an early childhood teacher working with this family, what strategy would you use in the classroom environment to foster dual-language development? What strategy would you suggest to the family to foster dual-language development at home? Describe each strategy, and explain why you selected these strategies.

Your Response

I would ensure that the classroom environment is welcoming and positive. This kind of environment would help the children develop their cognitive abilities and assist them to adapt to the new culture faster. This would also encourage them to improve their performance at school. This strategy would be effective since creating the peaceful environment would encourage the child to go through the non-verbal period while gathering enough information to communicate fruitfully. The strategy that I would encourage the family to use would be to promote positive relationships at home. Encouraging positive relationship would ensure that the children’s social development is developed and enables them to interact with the other community members in a positive way. I chose this strategy since is promoted peer relationship which exposes the children to talk more and creates an opportunity for children to play together.

Rubric

	0 Not Present	1 Needs Improvement	2 Meets Expectations	3 Exceeds Expectations
Sub-Competency 4: Describe approaches to fostering dual language development and learning.
Learning Objective 4.1: Describe strategies that support the development of dual language learners	Description is missing.	Response vaguely or incompletely describes a strategy to foster the development of dual language learners in the classroom. Response includes a vague or illogical rationale for the chosen strategy.	Response clearly describes a strategy to foster the development of dual language learners in the classroom. Response includes a clear rationale for the chosen strategy.	Demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the following: Response describes more than one research-based strategy to foster the development of dual language learners in the classroom.
Learning Objective 4.2: Describe strategies that teachers and caregivers can share with families to support the development and learning of dual language learners within the home and community.	Description is missing	Response vaguely or incompletely describes a strategy that fosters the development of dual language learning within the home. Response includes a vague or illogical rationale for the chosen strategy.	Response clearly describes a strategy that fosters the development of dual language learning within the home. Response includes a clear rationale for the chosen strategies.	Demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the following: Response describes more than one strategy that foster the development of dual language learning within the home.

View the video of dual-language classrooms and then answer questions 8 and 9.

· SEAL. (n.d.). A dual language preschool classroom [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tHZLF9S7jNg

Short Answer 8

Describe at least two classroom strategies used in this video to foster the development of dual-language learners. Explain how the strategies foster dual-language development.

Your Response

One of the classroom strategy used to foster development of dual-language learners is the interaction with other languages. In the morning the educator took them through a good morning song in three different languages which was represented in the classroom (English, Mandarin and Spanish). This would foster dual-language since it educated the children how to differentiate the languages as well as creating a welcoming environment for everyone. The other strategy used is to use visual signals and audio signals in their teachings. This would give the students the required skills in pronunciation of objects when they come across them. This is very important to dual-language development since they will be able to pronounce the object in the required way as taught in class.

Rubric

	0 Not Present	1 Needs Improvement	2 Meets Expectations	3 Exceeds Expectations
Sub-Competency 4: Describe approaches to fostering dual language development and learning.
Learning Objective 4.1: Describe strategies that support the development of dual language learners.	Description is missing.	Response vaguely or incompletely describes strategies that foster the development of dual language learners. Response includes a vague or illogical rationale for the chosen strategy or strategies.	Response clearly describes two strategies that foster the development of dual language learners. Response includes a clear rationale for the chosen strategies.	Demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the following: Response describes more than two research-based strategies that foster the development of dual language learners. Response makes a clear connection to professional practice.

Short Answer 9

Imagine you are an administrator for the school in this video. Suggest at least two strategies the teachers in the school could use to improve the teaching and learning practices in the early education dual-language classrooms featured in this video. Explain why these strategies are effective.

Your Response

One of the strategies is to ensure that there are adequate resources to aid in the development of dual language learning. Resources such as enough reading materials would help the learners in their settlement and development. These resources would help the students reminisce what the teachers illustrate as they review at their free time. The students may also use the reading materials as practice exercises as they pretend to teach their parents at home. The other strategy is to ensure the dual language learners acquire effective lessons is to randomly assign them reading duties in class. This will encourage them to always learn the different languages. Since the program of ensuring the students know when a certain language is over and moving to the next language, I would encourage the involvement of the children in the classroom to test on their fluency and weakness of every student.

Rubric

	0 Not Present	1 Needs Improvement	2 Meets Expectations	3 Exceeds Expectations
Sub-Competency 4: Describe approaches to fostering dual language development and learning.
Learning Objective 4.1: Describe strategies that support the development of dual language learners.	Description is missing.	Response vaguely or incompletely describes strategies that foster the development of dual language learners. Response includes a vague or illogical rationale for the chosen strategy or strategies.	Response clearly describes two strategies that foster the development of dual language learners. Response includes a clear rationale for the chosen strategies.	Demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the following: Response describes more than two strategies that foster the development of dual language learners.

View the following video about a cultural advocacy group in a Native American community, and then answer questions 10 and 11.

· All Indian Pueblo Council [everydaydemocracy]. (2011, November 18). Everyday democracy: Strong starts for Pueblo children [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4plCAkCc5M

Short Answer 10

Explain how the cultural context influences the All Indian Pueblo Council’s approach to childcare. Support your answer with at least two examples from the video.

Your Response

All Indian Pueblo Council mission was to protect their culture and their way of life. This approach was responsible for the viability of their language. One example is illustrated when the council was worried about children not accessing their languages in early childhood. The council believes that the children should be subjected to learn more than one language and should be done consistently in the lifetime of the child. Another example used in the video describes the future times where the next 10 to 15 years were speculated to have tribal communities stepping forward and collaborating to work towards improvement of the policy. The policy makers have the mandate to ensure that the language and culture survives to include their traditional values so that the Pueblo ideas can be carried to the next generation.

Rubric

	0 Not Present	1 Needs Improvement	2 Meets Expectations	3 Exceeds Expectations
Sub-Competency 1: Explain the concept of culture, including surface and deep culture, and how it influences children's development and learning.
Learning Objective 1.3: Describe how culture influences family and community approaches to fostering children’s development and learning.	Description is missing.	Response vaguely or incompletely describes how culture influences a community or family’s approach to childhood development and learning. Response includes vague or illogical examples that describe how culture influences family caregiving preferences.	Response clearly describes how culture influences a community or family’s approach to childhood development and learning. Response includes at least two logical examples from the video that describe how culture influences family caregiving preferences.	Demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the following: Response includes an example of how culture influences family caregiving preference in a culture other than the one shown in the video. Example is supported by at least one credible resource.

Short Answer 11

Describe at least two issues of cultural discontinuity facing the tribe and how these issues affect their approach to childcare.

Your Response

The cultural discontinuity of the Pueblo people is affected by the fact that often times, most schools are based in English hence the tests are also standardized in English due to the federal policies about assessments are English based. This has affected the approach to childcare since they tend to leave language behind to achieve success in that type of system. The cultural discontinuity is also promoted by the legislature not having time to learn, listen and understand the importance of the maintaining the language. Through this situation, the approach to childcare is not encouraged to the native communities in New Mexico hence fading off of language and culture. The early childhood development should be more inclusive of the traditional values.

Rubric

	0 Not Present	1 Needs Improvement	2 Meets Expectations	3 Exceeds Expectations
Sub-Competency 3: Explain the impact of cultural discontinuity on children's development.
Learning Objective 3.2: Describe the impact of cultural bias or discontinuity on young children and their families.	Description is missing.	Response vaguely or incompletely describes how cultural bias or discontinuity can impact children and families. Response includes partially relevant or vague examples that show how cultural bias and discontinuity can impact the development and learning of young children and their families.	Response clearly describes how cultural bias or discontinuity can impact children and families. Response includes two clear examples that show how cultural bias and discontinuity can impact the development and learning of young children and their families.	Demonstrates the same level of achievement as “2,” plus the following: Response suggests a strategy that early childhood professional in the community can use to mitigate the effects of cultural discontinuity.

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