Intercultural Effectiveness Developmental Plan
clarencekwa
CCMtopic6-communicatingwithculturallydifferentothers.sv.pdf
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— BUSM4688 Cross Cultural Management Topic 6:Communicating with culturally different others
Dr. Shea Fan School of Management
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Content Chart
Foundations
• The nature of culture
• Comparing cultures
• Beyond culture frameworks
Theory Applications
• Working in multicultural teams
• Communicating with culturally different others
• Cultural intelligence
Management
• Understanding culturally diverse employees
• Managing cultural diversity
• Managing language in MNCs
Self-lead learning: discussions, presentations, team investigation
Intercultural effectiveness development: knowledge, self-reflection, attitudes & behavioral change
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Pressing managerial questions
How can we reduce miscommunication among culturally diverse employees?
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Overview
1. What is communication? 1) Alder’s communication model
2. Key components & how they affect our communication
3. New concepts: 1) High vs. low context 2) Monochronic vs. polychronic time
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Communication Model
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SOURCE: Adler, N.J. 1991. International Dimensions of Oganizational Behavior (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: PWS-KENT Publishing Company. pp. 63-91.
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“I am sorry.”
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Verbal Communication: language
“I am sorry”
Japanese
1.Eagerness to repair demanded relationship (no culpability implied) 2. Repairing trust “It is unfortunate that this happened.”
Americans
1. As an admission of wrongdoing 2. Establish personal responsibility (use it when they are personally responsible for what happened) “I am the one who is responsible”
Maddux et al. (2012) in HBR
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What are potential
challenges in cross-cultural
communication?
Misperception Misinterpretation
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Communication Model
What is coded? How message is de-coded
Misinterpretation & misperception
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Cross-cultural communication
Context High/low context
Time
Verbal communication
Language
Non-verbal communication
Facial Expressions
Personal space
Body Language
Communication
11 RMIT University
High Context 1. Good communication is
sophisticated, nuanced, and layered.
2. Messages are both spoken and read between the lines.
3. Messages are often implied but not plainly expressed.
Low-Context 1. Good communication is precise,
simple and clear. 2. Messages are expressed and
understood at face value. 3. Repetition is appreciated if it
helps clarify the communication.
Communication-context
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Watch
We are sinking
Communication- verbal communication
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Communication-context
English French
500,000 words 70,000 words
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KY = Kuuki yomenai
Communication-context
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Communication-context
Bluedorn, A. C., Kaufman, C. F., & Lane, P. M. (1992). How many things do you like to do at once? An introduction to monochronic and polychronic time. The Academy of Management Executive, 6(4), 17-26.
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Communication-context
Monochromic Time 1. Task-oriented, emphasize
promptness, concern for others’ privacy
2. Stick to their plans, seldom borrow or lend private property
3. Accustomed to short-term relationships
Polychronic Time 1. Change plans, borrow and
lend things frequently, 2. Emphasize relationships
rather than tasks and privacy
3. Build long-term relationships
Bluedorn, A. C., Kaufman, C. F., & Lane, P. M. (1992). How many things do you like to do at once? An introduction to monochronic and polychronic time. The Academy of Management Executive, 6(4), 17-26.
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Communication-context
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Communication- verbal communication
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“I am sorry”
Japanese
Eagerness to repair demanded relationship (no culpability implied) Repairing trust “It is unfortunate that this happened.”
Americans
As an admission of wrongdoing Establish personal responsibility (use it when they are personally responsible for what happened) “I am the one who is responsible”
Maddux et al. (2012) in HBR
Communication- verbal communication
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1. Is as important and ambiguous as verbal communication
2. Out of conscious awareness 3. Ambiguous
4. Major components – Body behavior (facial expression, gesture, etc.) – Space
Communication- non-verbal communication
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Personal space Public space (12 - 25 feet)
Social space (4 - 12 feet)
Personal space (1.5 - 4 feet)
Intimate space (0 - 1.5 feet)
Communication- non-verbal communication
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General personal space
Cross-cultural differences in personal space
Strategically violate personal space
Communication- non-verbal communication
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What effective international managers do
1. Coding: Convey meanings carefully 2. De-coding: Assume difference until similarity is
proven 3. De-coding: Emphasize description by observing
what is actually said and done rather than interpreting or evaluating it.
4. De-coding: Treat their own understanding as a guess not as a certainty.
5. Key skill: standing back from yourself.
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Take home messages
1. Appl y Alder’
s comm unicatio
n mode l to ana
lyze
real com munica
tion exa mples.
2. Unde rstand s
ome ke y conce
pts and how th
ey
affect o ur comm
unicatio n:
1) High vs. low
contex t
2) Mon ochroni
c vs. po lychron
ic time
3. Unde rstand k
ey com ponents
of com munica
tion
and how they af
fect our commu
nication
