psy

Luo 1

Kaixi lLuo

Elisa pParrett

Eng 99

9 May 9 2018

Lifespan pPersonal eEssay

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt is the second stage. This phase occurs between the

ages of eighteen months to about age two or three years. AccordingRendering to Erikson,

kids inat this stagephase are focusedattentive on developingemerging a greater

knowledgeintelligence of self-control.

The central indication of Kant's philosophy remains human autonomy. Till now, many

have realized this in Kant's constructivist opinion of understanding, accordingrendering to

which our understanding is the basis of the inclusive guidelines of nature. “Autonomy”

exactly explains the rule to oneself, and inon Kant's view, our understanding delivers laws

that establish the a priori agenda of our practice. Our considerate does not deliver the material

or content of our practice, but it does deliver the basic proper assembly within which we

understand any material received through our minds. Autonomy is a person’s capability for

self-rule or self-governance. Beyond that, it is a much-contested idea that comes up in a

number of diverse arenas. For example, there is the traditional perception of autonomy, which

frequently functions as an inchoate longing for freedom in certain areas of one’s lifetime, and

which may or may not be associated with the agent’s idea of the ethical good, (Kant: 2017).

If you have ever worked together with a youngster between the ages of eighteen

months and three3 years, then and there you have perhaps seensaw many of the signssymbols

of the autonomy vs. shame and doubt phase. It is at this phase in development that young

children begininitiate to show a bigger need for freedom and control on themselves and the

world they are surrounded with. Gaining wisdom of individual control over the world is

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Commented [E1]: The second stage of what? This is a very abrupt beginning. Remember that your target audience includes people who are not in this class. You have to give the reader a little bit of background on the concepts you are using, and you need to be specific about what concepts you are using. You appear to be using Erikson’s stages of life, so, in the introduction paragraph, you will need to briefly explain who Erikson is, briefly explain his stages, and, only after that can you refer to a specific stage. For example: [The developmental psychologist Erik Erikson created a model of human development that involved multiple stages, with each stage focused on a particular struggle. The second stage, encompassing ages one to three, was focused on autonomy versus shame, according to Erikson. According to Erikson, kids at this stage are focused on developing a greater knowledge of self-control.]

Commented [E2]: This is not a thesis because it is a statement of fact. It is absolutely true that Erikson believed children at this stage are focused on self- control. Your thesis should include your topic (Erikson’s second stage of development) and your view on it or the statement you want to make about it (i.e. is accurate in my experience).

Commented [E3]: You used several words that were not correct in this sentence, and I discovered that you did this because you were trying to hide the fact that you took this sentence from an online source. First of all, you should never take things from any source without citing the source. Second of all, trying to hide it by switching out words makes you look pretty bad.

Commented [E4]: What does Kant have to do with anything? You’ve brought Kant in way too suddenly. Your topic sentence should be a statement of your viewpoint on some part of Erikson’s ideas about the second stage. You can talk about Kant as a way to help you explore your ideas, but your ideas have to come first.

Commented [E5]: I don’t know what you mean here. What rule? Do you mean “the rule of oneself”?

Commented [E6]: This is not the right word here.

Commented [E7]: Since this essay is supposed to be about human development, this entire paragraph is off topic. Kant may have something to say about autonomy, but he has nothing to do with Erikson’s ideas about autonomy, and he certainly isn’t related to psychology or to human development.

Commented [E8]: This isn’t quite the right word here.

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significant at this phase of growth. One of the important things is toilet training;, children are

taught to spend the functional life and how to use their body parts for different purposes.

Effectively preparation can aid children at this phase of growth gain a greater

senseintellect of autonomy. Children who learnacquire to use the toilet gainarise feelings of

self-assuranceed in them. Difficulties with training can sabotagesabbatical kids feeling

uncertain of their own skills and may even resultconsequence in an emotional state of

embarrassment. Other significant events comprise acquisition of more control over

nourishment varieties, toy favorites, and clothing assortment. Kids at this phase are becoming

progressively self-governing and want to gain additional command over what they want to do

and how would they perform it. Kids in this phase of growth often feel the necessity to do

things self-sufficiently, such as figuringalternative out what they want toof wear on a specific

day, wearing their own garments, and determining what they want to eat. Though this can

frequently be annoying for parentages and caregivers, it is a significant part of evolving a

sense of self-discipline and individual independence. Kids who effectively complete this

phase feel safe and self-assured, while kids who don't are left with a sense of insufficiency

and self-doubt.

I have experienced in my life that the autonomy is very essential for the mental and

intellectual growth of a child. I saw many children in my neighborhood who were victim of

doubt and shame. Even I was dubious in telling my important and personal things to my

parents. That was fear and sham which harmed me throughout my life and even now in my

adult age I am facing the same problem because in my childhood this problem of mine was

not resolved. If we talk about autonomy it is the most vital part of psychology that can help

throughout our life. I my childhood I was autonomous more than my cousins, I have

experienced that I used to feel more confident to play with my toys and to get to shop near to

my houses. I was more autonomous than my cousins to take my decisions. I remember that I

Commented [E9]: I don’t know what you mean here.

Commented [E10]: This entire paragraph gives information without supporting any points. Your viewpoint and your ideas are missing from this essay. It is nothing but information with no purpose.

Commented [E11]: You are using unnecessarily complicated language. Essays don’t have to have big words. In fact, it’s often better if they don’t because the whole point of an essay is for it to be clear and communicative. Right now, your essay is not clear, and it is not straightforward, as it should be. It is confusing, and it is hard to see what you are trying to say.

Commented [E12]: My grammar check ends here.

Commented [E13]: This is a clear topic sentence that clearly presents your viewpoint. You agree with Erikson, and that is clear in this sentence. Good!

Commented [E14]: Can you give an example of one child and how doubt and shame affected that child?

Commented [E15]: How? What were you afraid of? What were you ashamed of? How exactly did it affect you? Can you give a specific example of a time when fear and shame affected you?

Commented [E16]: Previously, you were talking about how doubt, fear, and shame affected you. Now, you’re talking about how you also had autonomy, so this should be in a different paragraph.

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took part in a racing competition held in our city with my autonomous decision. That is

reason that today I feel more confident to take my decision without outer governance. I don’t

have to take permissions to decide what I actually have to do or what should I do.

Psychology says that the children who are harshly criticized and not allowed to make new

innovations. Children do follow pessimistic approach every time. On the other hand the

children who are autonomous in their discussions are more confident and spend an optimistic

life.

In his principal declarations of ethical theory, moral character is defined in terms of

autonomous liberation—the capability to order and elect one's ends as an unrestricted and

rational being, (Kant: 2017).

John Stuart Mill's book utilitarian is a standard explanation and justification of

utilitarian in morals. Utilitarian is a principled theory that positions that the finest act is the

one that make the most of utility. "Utility" is well-defined in numerous methods, frequently

in terms of the happiness of emotional entities. Utilitarian is an exertion to deliver a response

to the real-world query “What should a man to ensure?” Its response is that he should to act

so as to harvest the finest significances imaginable, (Mills: 2007).

As autonomy is developed in the people in their childhood, similarly the utilitarianism

is phenomenon which is developed in the practical part of the life. This is an important part of

the psychology as human being should learn to choose what is actually wrong and what is

right for him. In this approach he doesn't go for the appearance but for the actual

specifications of the thing. Man has to choose what is right for him rather than what looks to

be right, this is what psychology demands.

Psychological concepts Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt and utilitarian plays a vital

role in the development of human personality and nature. Autonomy makes the children to

take free decisions. If we mix the autonomy with utilitarianism then children would take the

Commented [E17]: This is an incomplete sentence.

Commented [E18]: This does not fit in your essay.

Commented [E19]: This is also not relevant to the topic for this essay.

Commented [E20]: This is not related to Erikson’s theory, though, and it is not directly related to developmental psychology. None of the philosophy in this paper (from Kant and Mills) helps you to make a point about your own experiences with developmental psychology. Philosophy does not belong in this paper.

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decisions which are good for themselves. On the other hand Shame and Doubt of the children

are removed so that they can do this task in future with confidence and without dubious

situation. In short if all the concepts of psychology are followed and implemented then they

can be very beneficial for the mental growth, intellectual works and decision making.

Casey,

This paper does not meet the needs of the assignment. In addition, it does not meet the

requirements of an essay. An essay should be clear, direct, and straightforward. It must have

a thesis statement, and each body paragraph must have a topic sentence, specific examples,

and analysis.

This paper has no thesis statement because a thesis statement tells the reader the topic

for the paper (your chosen developmental psychology topic) and your viewpoint on it or

what you want to say about it. If you want to say in your thesis [Erikson’s idea that young

children (aged about one to three) struggle with autonomy versus shame is correct], you can

say that, but you have to have a thesis at the end of the introduction paragraph that says that.

This paper has no body paragraphs because some of the paragraphs give information

and some give examples from your life, but none of the paragraphs have all three parts in one

paragraph: topic sentence, evidence, analysis. The topic sentence should tell the reader what

the paragraph will be saying, the evidence (for this paper) should come from your personal

experiences, and the analysis explains how the evidence is important to the main topic.

This paper also included a lot of information that was not really relevant to

psychology or to Erikson. Yes, Erikson talks about autonomy, but that doesn’t mean that

anyone who talks about autonomy can be used as evidence (i.e. Kant). You have to have

evidence that relates to Erikson’s theory and developmental psychology. The evidence for

this paper should be from your experiences (or the textbook) anyway. You should not be

using online sources, and you should not be using sources like Kant and Mills. You ended up

going off topic and confusing your reader at the same time.

In short, this essay will need to be completely rewritten, and you will have to write it

in your own words. You are not allowed to use any sources other than the textbook or your

own experiences. You will also need to make sure that you use essay structure.

Elisa

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References:

kant, Immanuel. The Metaphysics of Morals. Cambraige, 2017.

Mill, John Stuart. Seven Masterpieces of Philosophy. New York, December 2007.