Nurs-6501 Case study wk4 module 2

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Module 2 Assignment: Case Study Analysis

Jadiam Lopez

MSN, Walden University

NURS-6501

Dr. Katese Rutherford DNP, FNP-BC

12/22/2021

According to the case study, the patient displays various symptoms such as shortness of breath, fevers, and coughs with thick green sputum production, and is mainly a result of COPD impairment. Lately, the patient, the cough has worsened, as indicated to the extent that it’s affecting her sleep. The sputum produced has be-

come thicker and more challenging for her to expectorate. CXR indication of a flattened diaphragm and increased AP diameter is an indication that the patient's

lung has emphysema. Emphysema is a condition resulting from the pathologic diagnosis associated with permanent enlargement of distal airspaces to the terminal bronchioles. This causes an intense decrease in the alveolar surface area that is available for gas exchange. The loss of the alveolar walls has led to decreases in the alveolar recoil, causing limitation of the airflow and the loss of the alveolar supporting organization leading to airway narrowing limit the airflow (Singanayagam et al.,

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2019). On the other hand, auscultation shows hyper resonance, coarse rales, and rhonchi through all lung grounds indicate that the blockages to the essential airways by mucous secretions, foreign bodies, or lesions. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is categorized by ill revocable airflow impediment and an uncharac- teristic inflammatory rejoinder in the lungs. This augmented response causes mucous hypersecretion, tissue destruction (emphysema), and disturbance of standard repair and defense procedures and which causes slight airway inflammation. The impairment of the gas exchange causes extreme damage to the alveoli leading to tissue destruction or emphysema. The results are due to the damage of the fibers that constitute the alveoli walls. Consequently, the alveoli walls become less elastic, limiting their capability to recoil after exhalation. Therefore, the patient cannot exhale and release carbon dioxide out of the lungs. This makes the lung airways in- flamed, resulting in bronchitis with consequent mucus production. If bronchitis continues, it develops into chronic bronchitis. However, a person can have temporary bouts of acute bronchitis, but these occurrences are not considered as s COPD. In some severe cases, COPD can cause right-sided heart failure expansion (Pisani

et al.,2019). This happens due to low oxygen levels as COPD causes an increase in the blood flow in the lungs' arteries, a condition referred to as pulmonary hyperten- sion. These pathological changes cause an augmented resistance to airflow in the small directing airways, augmented acquiescence of the lungs, air trapping,

and advanced airflow block, which are distinctive features of COPD. According to research, women are at a higher risk of getting COPD than men. Women usually de- velop COPD at a much younger age than men and usually develop at the age of 45 to 64 years. Though research is not detailed, why COPD usually affects women, the increased tobacco consumption amongst women over the past eras is related to the augmented incidence of COPD in women. Equally, the discrepancy vulnerability to tobacco, better exposure to indoor air pollution, anatomic and hormonal increased the women risk to COPD. Other factors are the macrosocial influences, adaptive health behaviors, social risk factors, health care behavior, and risk enchanting and obnoxious performances that are linked to transmittable disease and injury. COPD in women causes shortness of breath and other severe symptoms affecting the patient's quality of life. Women are more likely to report symptoms of depression and anxiety, which is linked to COPD.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) causes prolonged airflow obstruction and augmented lung inflammation. The decreased lung functions in

women and the disease symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing, chest tightness, frequent lung infection, and chronic cough with production of green mu- cus.

Reference

Pisani, L., Astuto, M., Prediletto, I., & Longhini, F. (2019). High flow through nasal cannula in exacerbated COPD patients: a systematic review.

Pulmonology, 25(6), 348-354. Singanayagam, A., Loo, S. L., Calderazzo, M., Finney, L. J., Trujillo Torralbo, M. B., Bakhsoliani, E.,... & Mallia, P. (2019). Antiviral immu-

nity is impaired in COPD patients with frequent exacerbations. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 317(6), L893-L903.

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Module 2 Assignment: Case Study Analysis

Jadiam Lopez

MSN, Walden University

NURS

-

6501

Dr. Katese Rutherford DNP, FNP

-

BC

12/

22

/2021

1

Module 2 Assignment: Case Study Analysis

Jadiam Lopez MSN, Walden University NURS-6501 Dr. Katese Rutherford DNP, FNP-BC 12/22/2021

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12/23/21, 1:11 PM Originality Report

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lawwriters 64%

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Module 2 Assignment:

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Case Study Analysis

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Case Study Analysis

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MSN, Walden University

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MSN, Walden University

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Katese Rutherford DNP, FNP-BC

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Katese Rutherford DNP, FNP-BC

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12/22/2021

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2021;21:12

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The sputum produced has become thicker and more challenging for her to expectorate.

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Sputum is thicker and harder for her to expectorate

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CXR indication of a flattened diaphragm and increased AP diameter is an indication that the patient's lung has emphysema.

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The patient’s CXR reveals flattened diaphragm and increased AP diameter

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In some severe cases, COPD can cause right-sided heart failure expansion (Pisani et al.,2019).

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In severe cases of COPD, the condition can cause right-sided heart failure

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These pathological changes cause an augmented resistance to airflow in the small direct- ing airways, augmented acquiescence of the lungs, air trapping, and advanced airflow block, which are distinctive features of COPD.

Original source

These pathological changes result in increased resistance to airflow in the small conduct- ing airways, increased compliance of the lungs, leading to air trapping and progressive airflow limitation—all of which are characteristic features of COPD

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) causes prolonged airflow obstruction and augmented lung inflammation.

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systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

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Pisani, L., Astuto, M., Prediletto, I., & Longhini, F.

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Pisani L, Astuto M, Prediletto I, Longhini F

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High flow through nasal cannula in exacerbated COPD patients:

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High flow through nasal cannula in exacerbated COPD patients

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a systematic review.

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a systematic review

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Pulmonology, 25(6), 348-354.

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Pulmonology Journal, 25(6), 348-354

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Singanayagam, A., Loo, S. L., Calderazzo, M., Finney, L. J., Trujillo Torralbo, M. B., Bakhsoliani, E.,...

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Singanayagam, A., Loo, S L., Calderazzo, M J., Trujillo Torralbo, M B., Bakhsoliani, E., et al

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American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 317(6), L893- L903.

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American Journal of Physiology - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology

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MODULE 2 ASSIGNMENT

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Case Study Analysis

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Case Study Analysis

12/23/21, 1:11 PM Originality Report

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MSN, Walden University

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MSN, Walden University

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Katese Rutherford DNP, FNP

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Katese Rutherford DNP, FNP-BC

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Module 2 Assignment:

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MODULE 2 ASSIGNMENT

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Case Study Analysis

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Case Study Analysis

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Katese Rutherford DNP, FNP-BC 12/22/2021

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Katese Rutherford DNP, FNP-BC