APA reference

Case Study: Michelle Student: Michelle Age: 7 years, 2 months

Assessment Techniques: Michelle was evaluated in English and in Korean through an interpreter. Informal observation and language sampling as well as standardized instruments were used to assess articulation, voice, fluency, pragmatic, receptive and expressive language skills. Michelle appeared to be cooperating to the best of her ability during the testing session. The results of this evaluation are therefore judged to be valid.

Test Standard Score PPVT-3 English 41 Korean 65

ROWPVT:

English Korean

71 bn

Articulation/Oral Motor Skills: An informal articulation assessment indicated age appropriate developmental articulation errors. A cursory oral - peripheral examination revealed that structure of the oral mechanism was intact and symmetrical. Function appeared within normal limits for development of verbal communication skills.

Fluency/Voice: Fluency of conversational speech and vocal quality, pitch, loudness were observed to be appropriate for age and gender.

Receptive Language: The Receptive One Word Picture Vocabulary Test (ROWPVT), which assesses reception of vocabulary at the single word level, was administered. Michelle received a raw score of 34 with a standard score of 71 and an age equivalent of 3 years, 4 months in English indicating a delay of 22 months in relation to her chronological age. When the same test was translated into Korean Michelle received a raw score of 22 with a standard score of >55 and an age equivalent of 2 years, 4 months indicating a delay of 34 months in relation to her chronological age.

Expressive Language: The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT-R) was utilized to assess expressive vocabulary at the single word level. In English, Michelle received a raw score of 13 with a standard score of 41 and an age equivalent of 2 years, 5 months indicating a delay of 33 months in relation to her chronological age. In

SPE 502 Donna Wakefield, Updated by Linda Kryzak

Korean, Michelle received a raw score of 29 with a standard score of 65 and an age equivalent of 3 years, 3 months indicating a delay of 23 months in relation to her chronological age. A language sample analysis revealed that in both English and Korean Michelle spoke in two to three word utterances consistently using only present tense. Her connected speech was usually disorganized, off topic and out of sequence. Semantically, Michelle named objects and pictures, used action words and used words to describe objects and people.

Pragmatics: In the functional use of language Michelle was able to initiate and but had difficulty in maintaining a conversation appropriately. She did not attend to listener needs or generally follow the rules of conversational exchange.

Note:

Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals - 3, (CELF-

3) Mean 100, σ 15 Test of Auditory Processing, (TAPS)

Subtest – mean 10, σ 3 Total test – mean 100, σ 15

Assessing Semantic Skills Through Everyday Themes, (ASSET) Mean 100, σ 15

Adolescent Word Test Mean 100, σ 15

The Receptive One Word Picture Vocabulary Test (ROWPVT) Mean 100, σ 15

The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT- R) Mean 100, σ 15

bn: below norms

In statistics, the standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values.[1] A low standard deviation indicates that the values tend to be close to the mean, while a high standard deviation indicates that the values are spread out over a wider range.

Standard deviation may be abbreviated SD, and is most commonly represented in mathematical texts and equations by the lower case Greek letter sigma σ, for the population standard deviation, or the Latin letter s, for the sample standard deviation.