APA reference

Case Study: Jeannine Student: Jeannine Age: 13 years, 8 months

Review of Previous Assessments: Jeannine has been receiving speech and language therapy since she was two years old. Speech and language difficulties have included articulation, sentence structure, semantics and pragmatics. Most recently, therapy has concentrated on semantics and pragmatic skills.

Assessment Techniques: Informal observation and language sampling, as well as standardized instruments were used to assess articulation, voice, fluency, pragmatic and receptive and expressive language skills. Standardized instruments used included the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals - Revised (CELF-3), and The Adolescent WORD Test . Jeannine appeared to be cooperating to the best of her ability during the testing session. The results of this evaluation are therefore judged to be valid.

Test Standard Score CELF-3 Receptive Language 50 Expressive Language 59 Total Language 50

Adolescent WORD Test: 61 Articulation/Oral Motor Skills: An informal observation of articulation skills indicated age appropriate articulation skills. A cursory oral - peripheral examination revealed that structure of the oral mechanism was intact and symmetrical. Function appeared within normal limits for development of verbal communication skills.

Fluency/Voice: Fluency of conversational speech and vocal quality, pitch, and loudness were observed to be appropriate for age and gender.

Receptive Language: In the understanding of language, Jeannine was able to answer simple questions recalling details about a story she had heard. She had difficulty in following complex, three step directions, especially those involving serial and left-right orientation. She also experienced difficulty in understanding comparative, temporal, spatial and passive relationships.

SPE 502 Donna Wakefield, Updated by Linda Kryzak

Expressive Language: Jeannine was able to construct sentences from segments. She had difficulty in defining words, giving multiple meanings of words, stating synonyms and using specific vocabulary in sentences. Syntax skills are appropriate.

Pragmatics: In the functional use of language, Jeannine was able to initiate and maintain a conversation appropriately with the therapist. However, she continues to demonstrate difficulty in initiating and maintaining a conversation with those unfamiliar to her, maintaining appropriate volume, attending to listener needs and generally following the rules of conversational exchange.

Note:

Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals - 3, (CELF-

3) Mean 100, σ 15 Test of Auditory Processing,

(TAPS) Subtest – mean 10, σ 3 Total test – mean 100, σ

15 Assessing Semantic Skills Through Everyday Themes,

(ASSET) Mean 100, σ 15 Adolescent Word Test

Mean 100, σ 15

In statistics, the standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values.[1] A low standard deviation indicates that the values tend to be close to the mean, while a high standard deviation indicates that the values are spread out over a wider range.

Standard deviation may be abbreviated SD, and is most commonly represented in mathematical texts and equations by the lower case Greek letter sigma σ, for the population standard deviation, or the Latin letter s, for the sample standard deviation.