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CardiacTemplate1-1.docx
Cardiac Rhythms
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Rhythm |
What is it? |
What causes it? |
S/S and Diagnose |
Treatment |
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Normal Sinus Rhythm
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Sinus Bradycardia
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Rate less than 60 bpm Normal P wave preceding each QRS complex Regular atrial and ventricle rhythms |
Normal in a well-conditioned heart, example, athletes Increased intracranial pressure, increased vagal tone due to straining during defecation, |
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Administer atropine for symptoms of low cardiac output Pacemaker |
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Sinus Tachycardia
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Rate more than 100 bpm Atrial and ventricular rhythms are regular Normal P wave preceding each QRS complex |
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Beta-adrenergic blockers or calcium channel blockers for symptomatic patients |
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PVC
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Atrial and ventricular rhythm is regular QRS complex premature, usually followed by a complete compensatory pause QRS complexes are wide and distorted, usually less than 0.14 second Premature QRS complexes occurring singly, in pairs, or in threes, alternating with normal beats, focus from one or more sites. |
Heart failure; old or acute myocardial ischemia, infraction or contusion Caffeine, tobacco, or alcohol use. Psychological stress, anxiety, pain
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Potassium chloride IV if PVS induced by hypokalemia. Magnesium sulfate IV if PVC induced by hypomagnesemia. |
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PAC
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Premature, abnormal-looking P waves that differ in configuration from normal P waves QRS complexes after P waves except in very early or blocked PACs |
May prelude supraventricular tachycardia. Stimulates, hyperthyroidism, COPD, infection and other heart diseases.
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Usually no treatment is needed. Carotid sinus massage.
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SVT
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A-Fib
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Atrial rhythm grossly irregular rate less than 300 to 600 bpm. Ventricular rhythm grossly irregular, rate 160 to 180 bpm. PR interval indiscernible. No P waves, or P waves that appear as erratic, irregular baseline fibrillatory waves. |
Heart failure, COPD, ischemic heart disease, sepsis, pulmonary embolus, hypertension, atrial irritation. |
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If a patient is unstable with ventricular rate less than 150bpm, prepare for immediate cardioversion. If stable, drug therapy may include calcium channel blockers, beta-adrenergic blockers, digoxin, amiodarone, quinidine |
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A-Flutter
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V-Tac
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V-Fib
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Asystole
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No atrial or ventricular rate or rhythm No discernible P waves, QRS complexes, or T waves |
Cocaine overdose
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Chronic Stable Angina |
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Unstable Angina |
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Variant Angina
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EKG Interpretation
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“P” Wave |
“R-R” Interval
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“QRS” |
“T” Wave
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