Students will develop a 3500-4000 word paper that includes the following information as it applies to the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need profiled in the capstone change proposal: Background Problem statement Purpose of the ch

Running Head: Capstone Project Change Proposal 1

Capstone Project Change Proposal 2

Capstone Project Change Proposal

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23rd November 2018

Background

Hands-only CPR has been identified as an effective method in the reduction of mortality rate arising from cardiac arrest in patients. It is especially effective when it comes to the ability of both health professionals, and bystanders performing it in the event that a person is in need of it. Various studies have been conducted on the hands-only CPR, with greater focus on how lives can be saved more if people have knowledge on the increase of the chances of survival. The importance of this training has been focused upon, so that more people can have knowledge, and make it possible to save lives, even when they least expect it. The materials in the literature review have, also focused on the comparison between the hands-only CPR, and the standard CPR, or the hands plus breathing CPR. The effectiveness of the hands-only CPR is clear.

Problem statement

In an ideal world, chances of survival would be increased by having all individuals know how to perform hands-only CPR, to be used in the event that a person goes into cardiac arrest. However, this is not the case. A good number of people have ended up dying as a result of bystanders not being aware of what they should when a person experiences cardiac arrest. The mortality rate, as a result, has been high. The issue with this is that there are more people dying than there should be, and more people losing their lives than should be saved. According to a fact sheet from the American Heart Association in 2016, a lot of cardiac arrests take place in the United States, with the number standing at 350,000 annually. They take place out of hospital, as opposed to within the hospital premises.

It was found that only about 10% of cardiac arrest patients survive, when it happens out of the hospital. This is alarming. To solve this, hands-only CPR should be made part of the syllabus of school-going children, as well as the directions being made freely available on the internet, and as mandatory training in every organization. With such information being available to more people, survival rates are set to increase, thus increasing the chances of cardiac arrest patients to receive assistance. Hands-only CPR remains knowledgeable only to a handful of people among the millions in the United States, but this can be changed by including it in education, and organizational training. Hands-only CPR is a significant way of increasing the survival rate of many patients around the world, who are prone to cardiac arrest.

Purpose of proposal change

Greater focus should be placed on the importance of hands-only CPR in the event of cardiac arrest. This is a weightier topic compared to urinary tract infections since the issue with UTIs leads to infections, while the hands-only CPR issue has a lot to do with loss of lives. Given the fact that 90% of cardiac arrest patients who experience heart attacks out of hospital end up losing their lives, then it only makes sense to focus more on that which requires more attention (hands-only CPR).

PICOT

The patient in this case of the hands-only CPR is an adult that has experienced cardiac arrest. Hands-only CPR aids in the reduction of mortality rate in adults that experience cardiac arrest. The intervention to be applied is the effective hands-only CPR method which comes in handy when bystanders are informed on the same. The comparison in this case is the hands plus breathing CPR, which when performed by a person who is not knowledgeable in the area, may lead to death. Hands-only CPR remains the most effective for people with little knowledge on performing CPR. The outcome of the hands-only CPR method performance is the reduction in the mortality rate of the affected patients, thus increasing the survival rate. Lastly, hands-only CPR can lead to survival of an adult experiencing cardiac arrest in a matter of seconds, or minutes, especially when the emergency team is not there yet.

Literature search strategy employed

The strategy employed in acquiring literature research material is the focus on the effectiveness of hands-only CPR. The difference that a knowledgeable bystander can make in the life of an adult experiencing cardiac arrest, also appears in the literature material. Narrowing down on hands-only CPR helps give greater focus on the cardiac arrest issue.

Literature evaluation

According to article by Anette (2017), the author writes a doctoral thesis with funding from the Swedish Heart Lung Foundation. The publisher is Linkoping University’s Electronic Press. The author provides a list of reliable references, with a peer-reviewed article resulting. The article is as current as 2017, with the audience being students. The specific goal of the author is to inform on bystander training. The writers of Sayre, Berg, Cave, et al. (2008) are affiliated with the American Heart Association, with the publisher being the American Heart Association. The authors provide a list of 52 references with the work having been peer-reviewed. The publication date is 2008, with information being for the public. The specific goal of the authors is to provide information on hands-only CPR to bystanders. The authors of Norris, & O’Brien (2012) are retired cardiologists. The publisher is the New Zealand Medical Association. The authors provide four references that are peer-reviewed. The journal is from 2012, with focus on the public, researchers, and professionals. The specific goal is to inform on effectiveness of hands-only CPR. Heidenreich, Bonner, Sanders, et al., (2010) write on behalf of the Journal of Emergency Medicine, with the latter being the publisher. The article has 49 peer-reviewed references, with the article written in 2010. The audience is the older adults, and professionals. The specific goal is to compare standard, and hands-only CPR (Pyrczak, 2018).

Applicable change/nursing theory utilized

The applicable change theory is Lippitt’s change theory, which aids with elimination of potential problems. The theory has to be applied with the focus on effectiveness of combination of the theory with the democratic type of leadership. The theory includes problem diagnosis in lack of hands-only CPR training; motivation assessment; change agent’s resource, and motivation assessment; progressive change agent selection; change agent’s role chosen; change maintenance; and helping relationship termination. The various steps involve assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The change agent here is schools, health facilities, and organizations (Mitchell, 2013).

Proposed implementation plan

The case for change should be compelling with its significance mentioned, the person in charge ought to ensure that they have support from various facilities’ (schools, hospitals, organizations) leaders, and governance arrangement is determined regarding training. Training goals are established, and current issues in the absence of hands-only CPR are analyzed. The hands-only CPR training change plan is developed, the change package containing information to be shared is developed, the piloting within one organization is conducted with others following suit through sustenance, and spreading. Lastly, outcome measurement is conducted through looking at the client reactions, learning from clients, checking client behavior, and checking whether the change has brought positive results. If not, evaluation, and improvement are called upon for effectiveness of the adoption of the training process (Bick, & Graham, 2010).

Potential barrier identification

Potential barriers to the implementation of the training of bystanders are in the change of school syllabuses which requires money that might not have been planned for, barriers in adoption within organizations as part of their training, and in accessing training materials. To help overcome these barriers, the government should intervene, and make it a national issue, so that all facilities, and organizations are required to have this as part of their daily routine. The government can, also chip in, in the acquisition of training materials, as an encouragement of the organizations, and facilities to see the significance of having this practice available everywhere.

References

Bick, D., & Graham, I. D. (2010). Evaluating the impact of implementing evidence-based practice. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.

Mitchell, G. (2013). Selecting the best theory to implement planned change. Nursing Management (through 2013), 20(1), 32.

PYRCZAK, F. R. E. D. T. C. H. E. R. N. I.-B. U. Z. Z. E. O. M. A. R. I. A. (2018). EVALUATING RESEARCH IN ACADEMIC JOURNALS: A practical guide to realistic evaluation. S.l.: CRC PRESS.