Conflict Essay
oliverjiang
C174Ch.2identity1.pptCommunication
and Personal Identity
The Self
- Self:
A multidimensional process of internalizing and acting from social perspectives
- Arises in communication with others
Perspective of particular others
Perspective of the generalized other
Particular Others
- Particular Others:
Specific people who are significant/irreplaceable to us
Direct definition:
Reflected appraisal:
Identity scripts
Attachment styles
Particular Others
- Family members provide Direct Definitions – explicit communication that tells us who we are by labeling us and our behaviors.
- From direct definitions, children learn what parents value and expect of them, and these interactions shape how they regard themselves and what they expect of themselves..
Particular Others
- Reflected Appraisals: The process of seeing ourselves through the eyes of others (also called the “looking-glass self”).
Beginning of your self-concept; your self starts outside of you with others’ views of who you are.
We use them as ways of understanding ourselves.
Not confined to childhood but continues throughout our lives through friends, colleagues, and romantic partners
Particular Others
- Families teach us Identity Scripts which are rules for living and developing our character.
- Define our roles, how we are to play them, and the basic elements of what our families see as the right plot for our lives.
- Basic identity scripts are formed by age 5 before we have any control in the process.
- As adults, we have the capacity to review and challenge identity scripts..
http://www.hulu.com/watch/272735/saturday-night-live-daily-affirmation
Particular Others
- Attachment Styles are patterns of parenting that teach us how to view ourselves and personal relationships.. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=92D15qtI_Gk
Attachment Styles
- Patterns of caregiving that teach us who we and others are and how to approach relationships
Secure: able to trust and feel safe with others
Fearful: regard others as sources of negativity and rejection
Dismissive: view others as untrustworthy and unlovable
Anxious/ambivalent: learn that others can be both loving and hurtful
The Generalized Other
- Generalized Other:
Reflect the views generally held by others in society
Race
Gender
Sexual orientation
Socioeconomic class
How Are Perspectives of the Generalized Other Revealed To Us?
- We learn them as we interact with others, who have internalized cultural values and pass them on to us
- We learn them through media and institutions that reflect cultural values
- The institutions that organize our society communicate them by the values they uphold
Other Perspectives of Self
- The self is multidimensional
Physical self, emotional self, social self
- The self is a process
develops gradually and changes throughout our lives
- Social perspectives are subject to change
Socially constructed views
Values of society at a specific time and place
Variable social views
Values are able to change, adapt, evolve
Self-Disclosure
- Self-Disclosure:
Revealing information about ourselves that others are unlikely to discover on their own
Self-concept is affected by our self-disclosures and others’ responses to them.
Johari Window
- Open area
- Blind area
- Hidden area
- Unknown area
Self-Disclosure
- Self-disclosure is related to closeness.
Should take place gradually and with appropriate caution.
Reciprocity of disclosure is more important at early stage of relationship.
Self-disclosure is not a primary dynamic in long-term relationships.
Declines in intimacy are usually accompanied by declines in self-disclosures.
Guidelines for Improving Self-Concept
- Make a firm commitment to personal growth
- Gain and use knowledge to support personal growth
You need to understand how your self-concept is formed
You need information about yourself
- Set goals that are realistic and fair
- Seek contexts that support personal change
- Daily affirmation:
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xNx_gU57gQ4
- Are you keeping your name? Why? Why not?
- Identity scripts:
- Finish the statements and then discuss
Money is
Nobody in our family has ever
Most important goal in life
Families should
You can’t trust people who
Good people
