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February 26, 1989 BUSINESS FORUM: FORGET CHARISMA
BUSINESS FORUM: FORGET CHARISMA; Focus on Teamwork, Vision and Values By ALLAN COX; Allan Cox is a management consultant. His fifth book, ''The Achiever's Profile,'' has just been published.
Charisma is our elixir. We swallow it as a cureall for what ails us. Nowhere is this more apparent than in our companies. It shows up even in the way we use language. We say we want leaders for our corporations, not mere managers.
The word ''leaders,'' in this case, is spoken with lilting voice and bright eyes, conveying that these are especially winsome creatures with endowments not quite of this world.
This is all nonsense. A rich mixture of judgment and timing contributes more to effective leadership than a captivating, swashbuckling presence.
We have been through a decade of gross hucksterism in which executives have been admonished to undergo assertiveness training, spruce up their images and even forgo wearing brown suits to the office.
Just a few weeks ago, when beginning a teambuilding project for a chief executive and his staff, I was taken aside by two staff members and told, ''He (the chief executive) needs to work on the charisma factor.''
But when it comes to enhancing their leadership qualities, executives have better places than charisma to direct their attention and yearnings. I suggest three alternatives:
First, executives will be better leaders by giving their energies to the evaluation and management of corporate values.
When executives behold the corporation as the social institution it is an interpersonal network committed to some mission in the service of customers, employees, shareholders and the public it is not surprising that they think the management of values may be the ultimate description of their jobs.
Some chief executives become spokespersons on this point, while others, not as vocal, have just as energetically put such conviction into play in their companies.
Perhaps the most important example of a chief executive who is concerned with values is James Burke, the genuine, but uncharismatic chief executive of Johnson & Johnson Inc. Mr. Burke, you will recall, has received much praise for managing Johnson & Johnson's response to the Tylenol poisonings. Yet, as deserving of high praise as these actions were, they are not what is most remarkable about him.
Rather, it is simply his daybyday, yearbyyear, layerbylayer involvement in recognizing, evaluating, prioritizing and articulating Johnson & Johnson's ethical values.
A gimleteyed friend of mine who has worked with Mr. Burke said: ''What's typical today is for the C.E.O. to send out a staffdrafted twoparagraph ethics statement to his managers. The managers are asked to read and sign it. They do this perfunctorily, and that's it. A guy like Burke knows that's ridiculous, that it's not enough, that there's no reinforcement without the C.E.O.'s involvement. By spending the time that he does on values, Burke signals their importance to his people.''
This peoplesensitive, customerresponsive, longrange thinking chief executive makes us forget about charisma while he gives ethics and values a good name. But this would not be the case if Johnson & Johnson's financial performance were not also impressive which it is. Mr. Burke says companies that follow ethical credos generate superior financial performance.
An executive's second alternative to charisma is the exercise of vision. Ironically, there is a need to distinguish vision from charisma. This is because popular business thought, in error, rolls up charisma and vision into a tight little ball.
A common notion is that vision is the province of a charismatic, almost clairvoyant corporate leader. Vision is routinely taken to mean (1) gazing at a crystal ball rather than (2) understanding where a corporation finds itself at present and where it's headed.
In its simplicity, option No. 2 is the wiser course. Consider this little gem of Chinese wisdom: ''Unless we change our direction, we are likely to end up where we are headed.'' Despite low scores on the ''excitement'' test, executives who are able to take this earthy wisdom to heart to develop a sense of their corporation's purpose and trajectory will be leaders of distinction.
What all effective leaders do is labor with their associates to gain an understanding of place and direction. And that is a special way of seeing circumstances that we are correct to call vision. Leaders like Mr. Burke, who win lasting admiration and work to insure their companies' futures, are the ones poised to blow the bugle in front of new and needed initiatives or blow the whistle to stop their companies dead in their tracks when they think the course is wrong. The truth for them is that a desirable tomorrow is dependent on the decisions they make today.
A superior leader's third alternative to charisma is collaboration. He is committed to collaboration because he knows firsthand that it produces management team effectiveness and assures improved corporate performance. It does so by reenlivening and tapping into the souls and minds of a company's executives who may have gone stale. And it makes them see themselves as valued
contributors once more. Collaboration is the way to generate the best ideas and options for running a business. And these times demand it. Corporations that do not ''think'' teamwork, will not prosper.
The spirit of complex organizational life these days is increasingly collaborative. In our finest companies, much gets done daily without dazzle or hype by teams of people pulling together. Words like ''we'' and ''our'' replace ''I'' and ''my.'' The team not the leader becomes the star, while the latter serves primarily as the articulator and sponsor of the vision that emerges out of the team's collaboration. Two or more heads are better than one. What better explanation than team involvement can account for the achievements of a Johnson & Johnson and the rocksolid, management style of Mr. Burke? But the management technology of real teamwork is not in the typical executive's repertoire even though that technology is not complicated and can be learned without difficulty.
There is no more appropriate quest for a manager than to build team involvement. That, after all, is the prize of effective leadership.
Drawing
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