communication

2019-2020 Academic Year Summer –Week 5

Part II

Technology and

Research Methods (BUS230)

Annotated Bibliography

Before the research process à researchers go to the library à gather information

Then they choose and read before research

Once they decide on the sources they will use, they read and extract the necessary information

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sesnEcikxT8

Annotated Bibliography

o A descriptive or informative annotated bibliography describes or summarizes a source.

o It describes why the source is useful for researching a particular topic or question, its distinctive features.

o It describes the author's main arguments and conclusions without evaluating what the author says or concludes.

Annotated Bibliography

The Annotation is a brief summary that:

o Assesses the strengths and weaknesses of a source

o Outlines main arguments

o Gives background about the author and the research

o Is relevant to the topic the writer has

An Annotated Bibliography has two parts

Annotated Bibliography

Daller, M. H., Treffers-Daller, J., & Furman, R. (2011). Transfer of conceptualization

patterns in bilinguals: The construal of motion events in Turkish and German.

Bilingualism: Languageand Cognition, 14, pp95-119.

Language dominance patterns and the consistency between linguistic performances in

bilinguals were studied with focus on the lexicalization of motionevents. Daller et al.

(2011) look at dominant linguistic features of the environment and the influence of

the languages based on transfer that occurs between them. The results show that the

word order structures that the bilinguals use are influenced by language structures the

monolinguals in the country they live in use. More precicely, cross linguistic

influences of the lexicon the bilinguals choose may imply the dominance or the

accessibility of the words, rather than anyunderlying grammatical structure.

The Reference

The Summary

o Literature Review is not an annotated bibliography

o Annotated bibliography is a useful tool and a step to help analyze the literature that is being read

o While drafting the paper, one the source, then the next are not discussed

RATHER:

The writing is organized according to the sub categories found within the literature and the synthesis of the source information to talk about those categories

Annotated Bibliography

Example: Breeding evil. (2005, August 6). Economist, 376(8438), 9. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com

This editorial from the Economist describes the controversy surrounding video games and the effect they have on people who use them. The author points out that skepticism of new media have gone back to the time of the ancient Greeks, so this controversy surrounding video games is nothing new. The article also points out that most critics of gaming are people over 40 and it is an issue of generations not understanding one another, rather than of the games themselves. As the youth of today grow older, the controversy will die out, according to the author. The author of this article stresses the age factor over violence as the real reason for opposition to video games and stresses the good gaming has done in most areas of human life. This article is distinctive in exploring the controversy surrounding video games from a generational standpoint and is written for a general audience.

Please pay attention to the last sentence. It criticizes the authors research.

Annotated Bibliography

APA-PURDUE EXAMPLE Ehrenreich, B. (2001). Nickel and dimed: On (not) getting by in America. Henry Holt and Company.

In this book of nonfiction based on the journalist's experiential research, Ehrenreich attempts to ascertain whether it is currently possible for an individual to live on a minimum-wage in America. Taking jobs as a waitress, a maid in a cleaning service, and a Walmart sales employee, the author summarizes and reflects on her work, her relationships with fellow workers, and her financial struggles in each situation. An experienced journalist, Ehrenreich is aware of the limitations of her experiment and the ethical implications of her experiential research tactics and reflects on these issues in the text. The author is forthcoming about her methods and supplements her experiences with scholarly research on her places of employment, the economy, and the rising cost of living in America. Ehrenreich’s project is timely, descriptive, and well-researched.

The annotation above summarizes and assesses the book in the citation

- The first paragraph provides a brief summary of the author's project in the book, covering the main points of the work. - The second paragraph points out the project’s strengths and evaluates its methods and presentation.

This particular annotation does not reflect on the source’s potential importance or usefulness for this person’s own research

Annotated Bibliography

Annotated Bibliography

Writing an Annotated Bibliography TOPIC: Online Learning o What are the benefits?

o What are the effects?

o What is new?

o More ideas

o More

o more

STEP 2: Do the research Find your sources

Variety of sources: Include Books, Journal articles, etc…

STEP 3: Create the references o Authors name

o Year o Title & volume & issue number

o Page numbers o DOI or URL

Step 1: Pick a research topic

Annotated Bibliography

Writing an Annotated Bibliography

Write the citation and annotation

When writing your annotation, the complete reference should always come first and the annotation follows.

Depending on the type of annotated bibliography the general points which are included are:

o The purpose of the work

o A summary of its content

o For what type of audience the work is written

o Its relevance to the topic

o Any special or unique features about the material

o The strengths, weaknesses or biases in the material

Before You Read the Article

Skim the whole text to determine the

overall thesis, structure and

methodology.

This will help understand better

understand how the different

elements fit together once you begin

reading carefully.

o What does the title lead you to expect about the article?

o Study any sub-headings to understand how the author

organized the content.

o Read the abstract for a summary of the author's arguments.

o Study the list of references to determine what research

contributed to the author's arguments. Are the references

recent? Do they represent important work in the field?.

o Has the author made an important contribution to the field of

study?

Annotated Bibliography

Zhao, C., & Kuh, G. (2004). Adding value: Learning communities and student engagement. Research in Higher Education, 45(2), 115–138.

This study questioned whether participating in a learning community affected student success and satisfaction. The authors randomly selected approximately 80,000 first-year and senior students from four-year institutions who completed the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE). By considering 47 items from the NSSE, they created scales to measure levels of student engagement, perceived quality of campus environment, and self reported learning outcomes. Results showed that participation in a learning community is positively linked with students’ overall satisfaction and academic performance.

Annotated Bibliography

Firmin, M. W., Warner, S. C., Firmin, R. L., Johnson, C. B., & Firebaugh, S. D. (2013). Attitudinal outcomes of a multicultural learning community experience: A qualitative analysis. Learning Communities Research and Practice, 1(1), Article 9. Retrieved from http://washingtoncenter.evergreen.edu/lcrpjournal/vol1/iss1/9

The authors argued that learning communities can be an effective platform for enhancing diverse interactions among students. They interviewed senior students who participated in a multicultural learning community at a small, private Midwestern university during their first year of college. Interviews revealed main findings, which included a shift in Caucasian students’ personal biases and stereotypes, as well as a generally positive experience in the learning community among most students regardless of ethnic/racial background.

Annotated Bibliography

Rodriguez, G. G., & Buczinsky, C. (2013). Linking classes: Learning communities, “high” culture, and the working class student. Learning Communities Research and Practice, 1(2), Article 6. Retrieved from http://washingtoncenter.evergreen.edu/lcrpjournal/vol1/iss2/6

Two English professors from a small, Midwestern, urban, Catholic college reported on the institution’s reformation of general education requirements to better serve their diverse and underprepared student body. They implemented a mandatory learning community—Humanities, Religion, and English Composition courses linked for first-year students—in the hopes that this restructuring would improve retention and increase student learning. Success was measured through retention data and a pretest/posttest questionnaire. The authors concluded that closely linked courses fostered the largest increase in student learning, while learning communities in general improved retention rates.

Annotated Bibliography

It is not enough to simply understand what the author is saying;

it is essential to challenge it!

Examine how the article is structured,

the types of reasons or evidence used to support the conclusions,

and whether the author is reliant on underlying assumptions or theoretical frameworks.

Annotated Bibliography

Read critically!

Reading the Article: Points to Consider

o Who is the intended audience? o What is the author's purpose? To survey and summarize research on a topic? To present an argument that builds on past

research? To refute another writer's argument? o Does the author define important terms? o Is the information in the article fact or opinion? (Facts can be verified, while opinions arise from interpretations of facts.)

Does the information seem well-researched or is it unsupported? o What are the author's central arguments or conclusions? Are they clearly stated? Are they supported by evidence & analysis? o If the article reports on an experiment or study, does the author clearly outline methodology and the expected result? o Is the article lacking information or argumentation that you expected to find? o Is the article organized logically and easy to follow? o Does the writer's style suit the intended audience? Is the style stilted or unnecessarily complicated? o Is the author's language objective or charged with emotion and bias? o If illustrations or charts are used, are they effective in presenting information?

Annotated Bibliography

Read the article carefully. Take note of your impressions and sections/ideas suitable for quoting

Structure What type of text is it? Is it original research or a comment on original research? What are the different sections and how do they fit together? Are any of the sections particularly effective or ineffective?

Annotated Bibliography

Writing Based on Part of a Paper

Methodology Is the research quantitative or qualitative? Does the methodology have any weaknesses? How does the design of the study address the hypothesis?

Reasons/Evidence What kind of sources does the author use (interviews, peer-reviewed journals, government reports, journal entries, newspaper accounts, etc.)? What type of evidence is provided (empirical, statistical, logical, etc. ?

Conclusions Does the data adequately support the conclusion drawn by the researcher(s)? Are other interpretations meaningful and clearly stated? Are the conclusions dependent on a particular theoretical formulation? What does the work contribute to the field?

Logic What assumptions does the author make? Does the author account for all of the data? Are there any logical flaws in the construction of the argument?

Examine all elements. All aspects of the text—the structure, the methods, the reasons and evidence, the conclusions, and, especially,

EXAMINE the logical connections between all of these—should be considered.

The types of questions asked will vary depending on the discipline in which you are writing

Annotated Bibliography

Prepare an Outline

1. Read over your notes

2. Choose a statement that expresses the central purpose or thesis of your review

3. When thinking of a thesis, consider the author's intentions and whether or not you think those intentions were successfully realized

4. Eliminate all notes that do not relate to your own paper

5. Organize your remaining points into separate groups such as points about structure, style, or argument

6. Devise a logical sequence for presenting these ideas. Remember that all of your ideas must support your central thesis

Annotated Bibliography

Writing the Annotated Bibliography

o Typed, double-spaced, on standard-sized paper (8.5x11), o 1 inch margins on all sides

Note: Microsoft Word generally is pre-set for these margins, so you do not have to adjust them o Times New Roman is recommended, 12 pt. font o Two spaces after punctuation that ends a sentence o The running head continues at the top of each page o The title of the paper is on the first page after the Abstract o Page number in the upper right corner o Titles of long works (books, journals, plays, movies, CDs, paintings, etc.) are italicized o Titles of short works (articles, poems, short stories, songs, etc.) are in “quotation marks” o Headings may be used to organize the text of advanced research papers.

Remember

Basic APA Format

Questions?

Final Weekly Assignment

Date posted on Moodle Due Date Weight

Monday, 21 September 2020

Sunday, 27 September, 23:59

20%

TASK A. Read the in-text citations. a. Identify if the in-text citation is a Direct or Indirect citation. b. State whether it is a Long or Short Quotation, or a Paraphrase/Summary.

Final Weekly Assignment

TASK B. The information for the references below has been given in mixed order. Using all of the information in the boxes, rewrite the reference using the correct APA format.

Final Weekly Assignment

TASK C. Using the quote and the reference information provided in the question file for Task C, Section O1, insert the quotation using a signal phrase, the correct APA format for the specific quotation; integrating it into the space given in the extract titled “Your text”.

TASK D. For tasks D1 and D2, use the the Journal Article “A Possible Managerial Approach for Internal Organizational Communication Characterization” provided for you as a PDF in your Final Assessment Folder. D1. Create the reference for the Journal Article using APA format. Reference in APA format:

D2. Read the Journal Article and write a 150-200 word annotated bibliography entry in your own words, using the techniques covered in class. Write your answer on your answer sheet.