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Week 4 Guidance

BUS 119 – Principles of Personal & Organizational Leadership

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WEEK 4

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Overview – Suggested and Required Actions for this week

• Read Chapters 9, 10 & 11 in your text book

• 2 Discussion Questions – Original Posts – Due by Thursday, 11:59 pm

• Journal – Due by Sunday, 11:59 pm

• Respond to at least 2 classmates for each question – Due by Monday, 11:59 pm

• Assignment – Due by Monday, 11:59 pm

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Northouse, P. G. (2018). Introduction to leadership: Concepts and practice (4th ed.).

Retrieved from https://content.uagc.edu

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This textbook is a ConstellationTM course digital materials (CDM)

title.

WEEK 4

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WEEK 4

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This week students will:

1. Assess the influence of out-groups on organizations and leadership. 2. Compare and contrast approaches to conflict as a leader. 3. Apply concepts of diversity and inclusion in the organizational settings.

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Activity Due Date Format Grading % Read Chapters 9, 10 & 11

Out-Group Day 3 (1st post) Discussion 3

Respond to at least 2 classmates’ posts

Day 7 Discussion Part of 2 above

Conflict Day 3 (1st post) Discussion 3

Respond to at least 2 classmates’ posts

Day 7 Discussion Part of 2 above

Week 4 Leadership Journal Day 6 Journal 6

Out-Group and Diversity E-mail Day 7 7 to 10 pages 10

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Chapter 9: Diversity & Inclusion Multiple definitions of DIVERSITY:

• The mixture of races, genders, or religions that make up a group of people • The collective amount of differences among members within a social unit

(Harrison and Sin, 2006) • Representation of multiple groups of individuals with different identities and

cultures within a group or organization (Ferdman, 2014) • Policies and practices that are designed to include people who are different in

some way from the traditional group members (Herring and Henderson, 2015) • Diversity also addresses issues of parity, equity, and inequality.

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Chapter 9: Diversity & Inclusion Generational differences in defining diversity

• Millennials see diversity as the mixing of different backgrounds and perspectives within a group.

• Boomers and Gen-Xers see diversity as a process of fairness and protection for all group members regardless of gender, race, religion, ethnicity, or sexual orientation.

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Key Terms (Northouse, 2018)

You may be asked to use these terms in Discussion Board responses or your assignment for the week.

Primary Dimensions Secondary Dimensions Age Geographic Location Gender Military and Work Experience Race Family Status Mental and Physical Abilities

Income

Ethnicity Religion Sexual Orientation Education, First Language, Organizational Role and Level,

Communication and Work Style

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Chapter 9: Diversity & Inclusion

• All people are valued and respected. • Groups (not just individuals) who share a minority identity are respected. • Metaphor: Diversity is about being invited to the party; inclusion is about being

asked to dance.

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Chapter 9: Diversity & Inclusion • Diversity plays a seminal role in effective leadership. • Diversity focuses on recognizing differences and inclusion is concerned with

embracing those differences. • Historical development of workplace diversity in the U.S. has emerged over three

periods. • The Inclusion Framework shows the interaction between an individual’s level of

belongingness and uniqueness. • Inclusion travels from the societal level down to the individual level and back up to

societal.

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Chapter 10: In- & Out-Groups In-groups – a collection of individuals that accept and adhere to the beliefs, norms, values, and other expected behavior patterns of the group

Out-groups – (1) all individuals, and groups of individuals, who do not fit in the in group (2) – all individuals and groups not under the immediate control of the leader

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Chapter 10: In- & Out-Groups When dealing with out-groups leaders should:

Listen to out-group members Empathize with out-group members Recognize the unique contributions of out-group members Ensure out-group members feel included Create special a relationship with out-group members Give out-group members a voice and empower them to act

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Handling Conflict Conflict can be rooted in two major dimensions:

Content Dimension objective resources procedures substance of the goal itself

Relationship Dimension Issues of Esteem Issues of Control Issues of Affiliation

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Handling Conflict Approaches:

Fisher and Ury – Principled Negotiation Separate the people from the problem Focus on interests not positions Invent options for mutual gains Insist on using objective criteria

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Handling Conflict Approaches:

Communication Strategies Differentiation Fractionation Face Saving

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Handling Conflict Approaches:

Kilmann and Thomas Avoidance Competition Accommodation Compromise Collaboration

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Key Terms (Northouse, 2018)

You may be asked to use these terms in Discussion Board responses or your assignment for the week.

Term Definition Assimilation Focused on the process of making people from diverse cultures

come together to create one American culture Differentiation An interaction process that occurs in the early phase of conflict that

helps participants define the nature of the conflict and clarify their positions with regard to each other

Diversity About variety or difference

Ethnocentrism The tendency for individuals to place their own group (ethnic, racial, or cultural) at the center of their observations of others and the world

Inclusion The process of incorporating differing individuals into a group or organization

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Key Terms (Northouse, 2018)

You may be asked to use these terms in Discussion Board responses or your assignment for the week.

Term Definition Melting Pot A metaphor for a blending of many into one, or a heterogeneous society becoming

homogeneous Pluralism The recognition that people of different cultures did not need to sacrifice their own

traditions and values to become a part of one society Prejudice A largely fixed attitude, belief, or emotion held by an individual about another

individual or group that is based on faulty or unsubstantiated data Privilege An advantage held by a person or group that is based on age, race, ethnicity,

gender, class, or some other cultural dimension, which gives those who have it power over those who don’t

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Key Terms (Northouse, 2018)

You may be asked to use these terms in Discussion Board responses or your assignment for the week.

Term Definition Stereotype A fixed belief held by an individual that classifies a group of

people with a similar characteristic as alike Systemic Discrimination Occurs when patterns of discriminatory behavior, policies,

or practices become a part of an organization and continue to perpetuate disadvantage to those being discriminated against

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Key Terms (Northouse, 2018)

You may be asked to use these terms in Discussion Board responses or your assignment for the week.

Term Definition Empathy a process in which an individual suspends his or her own feelings in

an effort to fully understand the feelings of another individual Leader-member Exchange Theory

conceptualizes leadership as a process that is centered on the interactions between leaders and followers

Listening paying attention to what people say while being attentive to what people mean

Out-group Members individuals in a group or an organization who do not identify themselves as part of the larger group, and who are disconnected and not fully engaged in working toward the goals of the group

Social Identity Theory explains why and how individuals identify with particular social groups and how these identifications affect their behavior

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Key Terms (Northouse, 2018)

You may be asked to use these terms in Discussion Board responses or your assignment for the week.

Term Definition Accommodation an unassertive but cooperative conflict style that requires individuals to attend

very closely to the needs of others and ignore their own needs

Avoidance a conflict style that is both unassertive and uncooperative, and characterized by individuals being passive and ignoring conflict situations rather than confronting them directly

Collaboration a conflict style that requires both assertiveness and cooperation and occurs when both parties agree to a positive settlement to the conflict and attend fully to the other’s concerns while not sacrificing or suppressing their own

Competition a conflict style of individuals who are highly assertive about pursuing their own goals but uncooperative in assisting others to reach their goals

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Key Terms (Northouse, 2018)

You may be asked to use these terms in Discussion Board responses or your assignment for the week.

Term Definition Compromise a conflict style that involves both a degree of assertiveness and a degree of

cooperativeness Conflict a felt struggle between two or more interdependent individuals over perceived

incompatible differences in beliefs, values, and goals, or over differences in desires for esteem, control, and connectedness

Conflict style a patterned response or behavior that people use when approaching conflict Content Conflicts involve struggles between leaders and others who differ on issues such as

policies and procedures Content Dimension involves the objective, observable aspects of communication Differentiation an interaction process that occurs in the early phase of conflict that helps

participants define the nature of the conflict and clarify their positions with regard to each other

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Key Terms (Northouse, 2018)

You may be asked to use these terms in Discussion Board responses or your assignment for the week.

Term Definition face saving communicative attempts to establish or maintain one’s self-image or another’s self-

image in response to threat fractionation the technique of breaking down large conflicts into smaller, more manageable pieces

principled negotiation

an approach to conflict that decides issues on their merits rather than through competitive haggling or through excessive accommodation

relational conflicts

refer to the differences we feel between ourselves and others concerning how we relate to each other

relationship dimension

refers to the participants’ perceptions of their connection to one another

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References Northouse, P. G. (2018). Introduction to leadership: Concepts and practice (4th ed.).

Retrieved from https://content.uagc.edu/

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Recommended Reading Chapter 9 Cultural exposure, emotional intelligence, and cultural intelligence: An exploratory study Inclusion, Diversity and Leadership: Perspectives, Possibilities and Contradictions The Importance of Inclusion Understanding Diversity

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Recommended Reading Chapter 10 Dealing with Out-Groups Dealing With Difficult People In-Groups and Out-Groups Social Identity Theory Leader-Member Exchange Theory

Chapter 11 Types of Conflict Leading Without Controlling Conflict Resolution

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Recommended Viewing Chapter 9 Moving Beyond an Exclusionary Culture Assimilation Benefits of Diverse Leadership Challenges for Women in Leadership Feeling Safe

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Recommended Viewing Chapter 10 Abraham Lincoln

Chapter 11 How to Handle Conflict Let the Other Person Save Face Change the Conversation

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ACADEMIC WRITING ASSISTANCE

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https://writingcenter.uagc.edu/

The Writing Center offers a variety of resources to help students become better writers, and all of our services are free to students. • Writing & APA Guides/Samples • Grammarly • 24/7 Writing Tutoring • Paper Review • FAQ/Troubleshooting

Email: [email protected]

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